Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Rudower Chaussee 18, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2012 Feb 15;2 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S129-38. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2011.11.006. Epub 2011 Nov 29.
Illiteracy remains a world-wide problem not only for children but also for adults. Phonological processing has been defined as a crucial factor for the acquisition of written language, which usually occurs in childhood. However, it is unclear to what extent phonological processing is necessary in order for adults to acquire written language skills. We tested 47 illiterate adults before and after a one-year alphabetization course in several cognitive domains relevant to phonological processing and compared their results to 41 matched controls who did not take part in the alphabetization course. Phonological awareness in the narrower sense (e.g., phoneme association) was a stronger predictor of alphabetization outcome than demographic variables such as years of education. In addition, despite improvement of illiterate individuals in phonological awareness, short-term memory, and visual attention from before to after the alphabetization course, they did not reach the phonological processing level of literate controls. Our results confirm that the alphabetization of adults requires and enhances phonological processes similar to those of children. Nevertheless, specific aspects, such as improvements in short-term memory or visual attention, need to be considered in order to improve and optimize alphabetization programs for adults.
文盲问题不仅存在于儿童中，也存在于成年人中，是一个全球性问题。语音处理已被定义为书面语言习得的关键因素，而书面语言习得通常发生在儿童时期。然而，成年人要掌握书面语言技能，语音处理需要达到什么程度还不清楚。我们在为期一年的字母化课程前后测试了 47 名不识字的成年人，在与语音处理相关的几个认知领域中比较了他们的结果，并与 41 名未参加字母化课程的匹配对照组进行了比较。狭义的语音意识（例如，音位联想）是字母化结果的一个更强的预测因素，比教育年限等人口统计学变量更能预测字母化结果。此外，尽管在字母化课程前后，不识字者的语音意识、短期记忆和视觉注意力都有所提高，但他们并未达到识字对照组的语音处理水平。我们的结果证实，成年人的字母化需要并增强类似于儿童的语音处理过程。然而，为了改进和优化成年人的字母化计划，需要考虑特定方面，如短期记忆或视觉注意力的提高。
