Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Ophthalmology. 2012 Oct;119(10):2028-32. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.04.018. Epub 2012 Jun 8.
To explore trends in the prevalence of self-reported visual impairment in the noninstitutionalized adult US population during the 27-year period from 1984 to 2010.
Data obtained from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) were used to analyze trends in the prevalence of self-reported visual impairment in the United States.
Representative, population-based samples of between 45 000 and 92 000 adults (NHIS) and between 37 000 and 71 000 adults (SIPP) during each year of data collection.
Survey results were age-adjusted to a standard (2010) population. Sampling weights were used throughout the analysis using strata and primary sampling unit variables provided in the public use datasets to appropriately take into account the complex design of the surveys. The statistical significance of trends was estimated by computing the difference in chi-squares of a fit to a linear trendline and a fit without a trend.
The trends and percent change in the prevalence of visual impairment from 1984 to 1996 and from 1997 to 2010 for NHIS and 1984 to 2010 for SIPP.
On the basis of NHIS data, the prevalence of activity-limiting visual impairment among persons aged ≥65 years declined by 51.7% (P < 0.001), from 3.5% in 1984 to 1.7% in 1996, and by 45.8% (P < 0.001), from 3.1% in 1997 to 1.7% in 2010. On the basis of SIPP data, the prevalence of functional visual impairment in the same age category declined by 58.3% (P < 0.001), from 23.3% in 1984 to 9.7% in 2010, whereas the prevalence of severe functional impairment declined by 47.1% (P < 0.001), from 5.1% to 2.7%.
There was a marked reduction in the prevalence of self-reported visual impairment in the noninstitutionalized adult US population during the period from 1984 to 2010.
探讨 1984 年至 2010 年 27 年间美国非住院成年人群体中自我报告视力障碍的流行趋势。
利用国家健康访谈调查（NHIS）和收入与计划参与调查（SIPP）的数据，分析美国自我报告视力障碍流行趋势。
每年的调查数据都包含了 45000 至 92000 名成年人（NHIS）和 37000 至 71000 名成年人（SIPP）的代表性、基于人群的样本。
对调查结果进行年龄调整，以适应标准（2010 年）人群。在整个分析过程中，使用了公共使用数据集提供的分层和主要抽样单位变量进行抽样权重，以适当考虑到调查的复杂设计。通过计算拟合线性趋势线和无趋势线的拟合之间的卡方差异来估计趋势的统计显著性。
NHIS 从 1984 年至 1996 年和从 1997 年至 2010 年以及 SIPP 从 1984 年至 2010 年的视力障碍流行趋势和百分比变化。
根据 NHIS 数据，65 岁及以上人群的活动受限视力障碍患病率下降了 51.7%（P < 0.001），从 1984 年的 3.5%降至 1996 年的 1.7%，下降了 45.8%（P < 0.001），从 1997 年的 3.1%降至 2010 年的 1.7%。根据 SIPP 数据，同一年龄组的功能性视力障碍患病率下降了 58.3%（P < 0.001），从 1984 年的 23.3%降至 2010 年的 9.7%，而严重功能障碍的患病率下降了 47.1%（P < 0.001），从 5.1%降至 2.7%。
1984 年至 2010 年期间，美国非住院成年人群体中自我报告视力障碍的流行率显著下降。
