Departament of Physical Education, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e38693. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038693. Epub 2012 Jun 7.
Lack of physical activity (PA) is a major risk for chronic disease and obesity. The main aims of the present study were to identify individual and environmental factors independently associated with PA and examine the relative contribution of these factors to PA level in Spanish adults.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A population-based cross-sectional sample of 3,000 adults (18-75 years old) from Gran Canaria (Spain) was selected using a multistage stratified random sampling method. The participants were interviewed at home using a validated questionnaire to assess PA as well as individual and environmental factors. The data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. One demographic variable (education), two cognitive (self-efficacy and perceived barriers), and one social environmental (organized format) were independently associated with PA in both genders. Odds ratios ranged between 1.76-2.07 in men and 1.35-2.50 in women (both p<0.05). Individual and environmental factors explained about one-third of the variance in PA level.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Self-efficacy and perceived barriers were the most significant factors to meet an adequate level of PA. The risk of insufficient PA was twofold greater in men with primary or lesser studies and who are employed. In women, living in rural environments increased the risk of insufficient PA. The promotion of organized PA may be an efficient way to increase the level of PA in the general population. Improvement in the access to sport facilities and places for PA is a prerequisite that may be insufficient and should be combined with strategies to improve self-efficacy and overcome perceived barriers in adulthood.
缺乏身体活动（PA）是慢性病和肥胖的主要风险因素。本研究的主要目的是确定与 PA 独立相关的个体和环境因素，并检查这些因素对西班牙成年人 PA 水平的相对贡献。
方法/主要发现：使用多阶段分层随机抽样方法，从西班牙加那利群岛（西班牙）选择了一个由 3000 名成年人（18-75 岁）组成的基于人群的横断面样本。使用经过验证的问卷在家庭中对参与者进行访谈，以评估 PA 以及个体和环境因素。使用双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析数据。一个人口统计学变量（教育）、两个认知变量（自我效能感和感知障碍）和一个社会环境变量（有组织的形式）在两性中均与 PA 独立相关。男性的比值比在 1.76-2.07 之间，女性在 1.35-2.50 之间（均<0.05）。个体和环境因素解释了 PA 水平变化的约三分之一。
结论/意义：自我效能感和感知障碍是达到足够 PA 水平的最重要因素。受教育程度较低或只有小学学历、有工作的男性进行不足 PA 的风险是两倍。在女性中，生活在农村环境会增加进行不足 PA 的风险。促进有组织的 PA 可能是提高普通人群 PA 水平的有效途径。改善获得体育设施和 PA 场所的机会是前提条件，但可能还不够，应结合提高自我效能感和克服成年期感知障碍的策略。
