45至70岁老年人身体活动行为的社会人口学、医学及社会认知相关因素：一项横断面研究
Socio-demographic, medical and social-cognitive correlates of physical activity behavior among older adults (45-70 years): a cross-sectional study.
作者信息
Mesters Ilse, Wahl Stefanie, Van Keulen Hilde M
机构信息
School for Public Health and Primary Care (Caphri), Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2014 Jun 25;14:647. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-647.
BACKGROUND
Present study aimed to identify socio-demographic, medical and social-cognitive correlates of physical activity among Dutch older individuals.
METHODS
A systematic random sample of 2,568 Dutch participants aged 45-70 years filled out the validated modified Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire on physical activity. Socio-demographic and social-cognitive correlates were measured with validated instruments; medical correlates were checked by a general practitioner. The study had a cross-sectional design and the data collection ran from March 2005 until August 2006. Linear regression analyses were conducted to identify correlates of PA. We separated the findings for men from those for women to explore potential gender-specific associations.
RESULTS
Being female, living in North Limburg or North-Brabant, having a higher educational level, a higher perceived behavioral control, more knowledge about PA advantages, a stronger habitual PA behavior, having more action plans and a stronger intention to engage in PA were significantly associated with higher PA levels. Being older, being a smoker, having a higher body mass index (BMI), having a paid job, observing others being physically active and overestimating one's PA level were associated with being less physically active. Socio-demographic and medical correlates significantly explained 20% of the variance of PA behavior while social-cognitive correlates as attitude explained an additional 4% and intention together with actual control explained another 1% of the variance of PA behavior.
CONCLUSION
There may be stable individual differences that influence PA in view of the fact that several socio-demographic and medical factors were not completely mediated by the socio-cognitive factors. The current study may help to focus PA interventions for individuals aged 45-70 years on influential socio-demographic, medical and social-cognitive correlates. Physical activity was significantly associated with age, gender, education, BMI, work situation, region of residence, smoking, awareness, advantages, descriptive norm, perceived behavioral control, habit, action plans and intention.
背景
本研究旨在确定荷兰老年人身体活动的社会人口学、医学和社会认知相关因素。
方法
对2568名年龄在45 - 70岁的荷兰参与者进行系统随机抽样，他们填写了经过验证的改良版老年人社区健康活动模型计划（CHAMPS）身体活动问卷。社会人口学和社会认知相关因素通过经过验证的工具进行测量；医学相关因素由全科医生检查。该研究采用横断面设计，数据收集时间为2005年3月至2006年8月。进行线性回归分析以确定身体活动的相关因素。我们将男性和女性的研究结果分开，以探索潜在的性别特异性关联。
结果
女性、居住在北林堡或北布拉班特、教育水平较高、行为控制感较强、对身体活动益处的了解较多、习惯性身体活动行为较强、有更多行动计划以及参与身体活动的意愿较强与较高的身体活动水平显著相关。年龄较大、吸烟、体重指数（BMI）较高、有带薪工作、观察到他人进行身体活动以及高估自己的身体活动水平与身体活动较少相关。社会人口学和医学相关因素显著解释了身体活动行为变异的20%，而作为态度的社会认知相关因素又额外解释了4%，意愿与实际控制共同解释了身体活动行为变异的另外1%。
结论
鉴于一些社会人口学和医学因素并未完全由社会认知因素介导，可能存在影响身体活动的稳定个体差异。本研究可能有助于将针对45 - 70岁个体的身体活动干预重点放在有影响力的社会人口学、医学和社会认知相关因素上。身体活动与年龄、性别、教育、BMI、工作状况、居住地区、吸烟、认知、益处、描述性规范、行为控制感、习惯、行动计划和意愿显著相关。
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