Shetty Dinesh, Jeong Jae-Min, Shim Hyunsuk
Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1701 Uppergate Drive, C5008, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Int J Mol Imaging. 2012;2012:817682. doi: 10.1155/2012/817682. Epub 2012 May 21.
Malignant transformation of tumor accompanies profound changes in the normal neighboring tissue, called tumor stroma. The tumor stroma provides an environment favoring local tumor growth, invasion, and metastatic spreading. Nuclear imaging (PET/SPECT) measures biochemical and physiologic functions in the human body. In oncology, PET/SPECT is particularly useful for differentiating tumors from postsurgical changes or radiation necrosis, distinguishing benign from malignant lesions, identifying the optimal site for biopsy, staging cancers, and monitoring the response to therapy. Indeed, PET/SPECT is a powerful, proven diagnostic imaging modality that displays information unobtainable through other anatomical imaging, such as CT or MRI. When combined with coregistered CT data, [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([(18)F]FDG)-PET is particularly useful. However, [(18)F]FDG is not a target-specific PET tracer. This paper will review the tumor microenvironment targeting oncologic imaging such as angiogenesis, invasion, hypoxia, growth, and homing, and also therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals to provide a roadmap for additional applications of tumor imaging and therapy.
肿瘤的恶性转化伴随着正常邻近组织（即肿瘤基质）的深刻变化。肿瘤基质提供了有利于局部肿瘤生长、侵袭和转移扩散的环境。核成像（PET/SPECT）可测量人体的生化和生理功能。在肿瘤学中，PET/SPECT对于区分肿瘤与术后改变或放射性坏死、鉴别良性与恶性病变、确定活检的最佳部位、癌症分期以及监测治疗反应特别有用。事实上，PET/SPECT是一种强大的、经过验证的诊断成像方式，可显示通过其他解剖成像（如CT或MRI）无法获得的信息。当与配准的CT数据相结合时，[18F]氟脱氧葡萄糖（[18F]FDG）-PET特别有用。然而，[18F]FDG不是一种靶向特异性PET示踪剂。本文将综述针对肿瘤微环境的肿瘤成像，如血管生成、侵袭、缺氧、生长和归巢，以及治疗性放射性药物，为肿瘤成像和治疗的更多应用提供路线图。
