Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
Cell Microbiol. 2012 Sep;14(9):1354-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2012.01825.x. Epub 2012 Jun 26.
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection causes a disease which appears to affect multiple cell types and tissues. The acute phase is manifested by a non-fatal febrile illness, polyarthralgia and maculopapular rashes in adults, but with recurrent arthralgia that may linger for months during convalescence. The issue of cellular and tissue tropism of CHIKV has elicited interest primarily because of this lingering incapacitating chronic joint pain, as well as clear encephalopathy in severe cases among neonates during the re-emergence of the virus in recent epidemics. The principle cell types productively infected by CHIKV are skin fibroblasts, epithelial cells and lymphoid tissues. There is controversy as to whether CHIKV productively infects haematopoietic cells and neurones/glia. CHIKV infection triggers rapid and robust innate immune responses which quickly clears the acute phase infection. However, significant acute as well as chronic infection of less obvious cell types, such as monocytes, neurones/glia or even CNS neural progenitors may conceivably occur. There is therefore a need to ascertain the full range potential of CHIKV tropism, fully understand the cellular responses triggered during the acute the convalescent phases, and explore possible cell types that might be the source of chronic problems associated with CHIKV infection.
基孔肯雅热病毒（CHIKV）感染会导致一种疾病，似乎会影响多种细胞类型和组织。在成人中，急性阶段表现为非致命性发热疾病、多发性关节炎和斑丘疹皮疹，但在恢复期可能会持续数月的复发性关节炎。CHIKV 的细胞和组织嗜性问题引起了人们的兴趣，主要是因为这种持续存在的使人丧失能力的慢性关节疼痛，以及在病毒最近重新出现的疫情中，新生儿中明显的脑病。CHIKV 可有效感染的主要细胞类型是皮肤成纤维细胞、上皮细胞和淋巴组织。目前存在争议的是，CHIKV 是否可有效感染造血细胞和神经元/神经胶质细胞。CHIKV 感染会引发迅速而强烈的先天免疫反应，从而迅速清除急性感染。然而，单核细胞、神经元/神经胶质细胞甚至中枢神经系统神经祖细胞等不太明显的细胞类型也可能会发生明显的急性和慢性感染。因此，有必要确定 CHIKV 嗜性的全部潜在范围，充分了解急性和恢复期期间触发的细胞反应，并探索可能成为与 CHIKV 感染相关的慢性问题的来源的细胞类型。
