Social Sciences Unit, Institute for Agriculture and Fisheries Research, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Pest Manag Sci. 2012 Aug;68(8):1130-40. doi: 10.1002/ps.3332. Epub 2012 Jun 12.
Farmers are being called to use plant protection products (PPPs) more consciously and adopt more sustainable crop protection strategies. Indicators will help farmers to monitor their progress towards sustainability and will support their learning process. Talking the indicators through in farmers' discussion groups and the resulting peer encouragement will foster knowledge acquirement and can lead to changes in attitudes, norms, perception and behaviour.
Using a participatory approach, a conceptual framework for on-farm sustainable crop protection practices was created. The same participatory approach was used to design a dual indicator set, which pairs a pesticide impact assessment system (PIAS) with a farm inquiry. The PIAS measures the risk for human health and the environment exerted by chemical crop protection. The inquiry reveals the farmers' response to this risk, both in terms of the actions they take and their knowledge, awareness and attitude.
The dual indicator set allows for implementation in four tiers, each representing increased potential for monitoring and social learning. The indicator set can be adjusted on the basis of new findings, and the participatory approach can be extrapolated to other situations.
农民被要求更有意识地使用植保产品（PPPs），并采取更可持续的作物保护策略。指标将帮助农民监测其可持续发展的进展，并支持他们的学习过程。在农民讨论小组中讨论这些指标，并由此产生的同伴鼓励，将促进知识的获取，并可能导致态度、规范、观念和行为的改变。
采用参与式方法，创建了一个关于农场可持续作物保护实践的概念框架。同样的参与式方法也被用于设计一个双重指标集，该指标集将农药影响评估系统（PIAS）与农场调查配对。PIAS 衡量化学作物保护对人类健康和环境的风险。调查揭示了农民对这种风险的反应，包括他们采取的行动以及他们的知识、意识和态度。
双重指标集允许在四个层次上实施，每个层次都代表着监测和社会学习潜力的增加。该指标集可以根据新的发现进行调整，参与式方法可以推广到其他情况。
