Istituto di Chimica Agraria ed Ambientale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 84 29100 Piacenza, Italy.
Pest Manag Sci. 2013 Aug;69(8):883-8. doi: 10.1002/ps.3579. Epub 2013 Jun 12.
In 2008-2009, a survey in the Emilia Romagna region of Italy collected information on the farm use of plant protection products (PPPs) and evaluated whether the provisions of the Directive for the Sustainable Use of Pesticides are applicable. It was concluded that the provisions can be implemented, even if some gaps need to be filled and also the behaviour of farmers needs to be improved. Moreover, it was observed that all stages in the use of PPPs on farms could generate risks for the operator and/or the environment. One of the recommendations is to promote training for operators and to adopt good agronomic practices in order to improve sustainable use of PPPs.
The findings were used, in the following years, to develop a Guideline for Sustainable Use of PPPs to help the user in identifying the flaws in current practices at farm level as well as their corresponding corrective actions. The Guidelines are accompanied by free online software to be used as a diagnostic tool as well as to provide recommendations for improvements.
The approach adopted, taking into account the variability in farm structure, cropping pattern, risk attitude and economic availability, is not an instrument to identify the most suitable protection strategy for a given crop in a given period, but to help professional users to improve their practices in managing PPPs on farms and to make the most appropriate choices leading to reduced environmental and human risk, without compromising the profitability of agricultural production and food standards. This work has, as an underlying principle, a holistic approach to link the different elements of the three pillars of sustainability (environment, economy and society) and to enhance knowledge, which represents one of the main aspects of the Directive.
2008-2009 年，意大利艾米利亚-罗马涅地区进行了一项调查，收集了关于农场使用植保产品（PPPs）的信息，并评估了《农药可持续使用指令》的规定是否适用。调查结论认为，即使需要填补一些空白，并且还需要改进农民的行为，这些规定也是可以实施的。此外，人们还观察到，农场使用 PPPs 的所有阶段都可能给经营者和/或环境带来风险。其中一项建议是促进对经营者的培训，并采用良好的农业实践，以改善 PPPs 的可持续使用。
在随后的几年中，这些调查结果被用于制定可持续使用 PPPs 的指南，以帮助用户识别当前农场实践中的缺陷以及相应的纠正措施。该指南附有免费的在线软件，可作为诊断工具，并提供改进建议。
该方法考虑了农场结构、种植模式、风险态度和经济可用性的可变性，并不是为了确定在给定时期内特定作物的最适宜保护策略，而是帮助专业用户改进他们在农场管理 PPPs 方面的实践，并做出最适当的选择，从而降低环境和人类风险，同时不影响农业生产的盈利能力和食品标准。这项工作的基本原则是采用整体方法将可持续发展的三大支柱（环境、经济和社会）的不同要素联系起来，并增强知识，这是指令的主要方面之一。
