School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009Australia.
New Phytol. 2012 Jul;195(2):306-320. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04190.x. Epub 2012 Jun 12.
Limitation of grain crop productivity by phosphorus (P) is widespread and will probably increase in the future. Enhanced P efficiency can be achieved by improved uptake of phosphate from soil (P-acquisition efficiency) and by improved productivity per unit P taken up (P-use efficiency). This review focuses on improved P-use efficiency, which can be achieved by plants that have overall lower P concentrations, and by optimal distribution and redistribution of P in the plant allowing maximum growth and biomass allocation to harvestable plant parts. Significant decreases in plant P pools may be possible, for example, through reductions of superfluous ribosomal RNA and replacement of phospholipids by sulfolipids and galactolipids. Improvements in P distribution within the plant may be possible by increased remobilization from tissues that no longer need it (e.g. senescing leaves) and reduced partitioning of P to developing grains. Such changes would prolong and enhance the productive use of P in photosynthesis and have nutritional and environmental benefits. Research considering physiological, metabolic, molecular biological, genetic and phylogenetic aspects of P-use efficiency is urgently needed to allow significant progress to be made in our understanding of this complex trait.
磷（P）限制粮食作物生产力的现象普遍存在，而且在未来可能会加剧。通过提高从土壤中吸收磷酸盐的能力（磷获取效率）和提高单位吸收磷的生产力（磷利用效率），可以增强 P 的效率。本综述重点介绍了通过降低植物整体的 P 浓度和通过优化 P 在植物中的分布和再分配，使 P 能够最大程度地用于生长和生物量分配到可收获的植物部分，从而提高 P 的利用效率。例如，通过减少多余的核糖体 RNA 和用磺基脂和半乳糖脂替代磷脂，可以使植物 P 池显著减少。通过增加从不再需要 P 的组织（例如衰老叶片）中重新分配 P 和减少 P 向发育中的谷物的分配，可能会改善植物内 P 的分布。这些变化将延长和增强光合作用中 P 的生产性利用，并具有营养和环境效益。迫切需要考虑 P 利用效率的生理、代谢、分子生物学、遗传和系统发生方面的研究，以使我们对这一复杂性状的理解取得重大进展。
