Chee S, Zawiah H, Ismail M, Ng K
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur.
Malays J Nutr. 1996 Sep;2(2):112-26.
Studies were carried out in two estates in Kedah and Johor to characterize the anthropometry and dietary patterns of 334 (169 females, 165 males) Malaysian estate workers. Subjects were Malay and Indian adults (aged 18 to 60 years) engaged in various work activities including rubber tappers, palm fruit harvesters, field supervisors and workers in the estate factories. Anthropometric results showed that the prevalence of overweight (26% in men, 25% in women) and obesity (5% in men, 11% in women) were higher compared to prevalence of underweight (11% in men, 9% in women) in these workers despite being engaged in moderate to heavy activities. The dietary intake pattern revealed that the main sources of calories in the diet were rice, cooking oil and sugar. Major sources of protein in the Malay diet were anchovies and fish whilst in the Indian diet protein was provided by salted fish, anchovies, eggs, fish, and pulses. The consumption of poultry, meat and dairy products were low for both ethnic groups. The dietary intakes of a subsampel of 108 normal weight subjects (56 females, 52 males) were recorded for 3 days. The results showed that the mean energy intake was 8.44 ± 2.12 MJ in males and 6.48 ± 1.29 MJ in females. The contribution of calories from protein, fat and carbohydrate were 13%, 22% and 60% in males and 12%, 23% and 65% in females, respectively. Alcohol intake was found to contribute five percent of energy in the diet of the Indian male subjects. Calcium, iron, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin intake were below 66% of the Malaysian RDA, particularly amongst the women. Income appeared to have a significant correlation with energy and iron intakes of the female workers as well as thiamin, niacin and riboflavin intakes of the male workers. There is a need for improving the quality of the dietary intakes of these workers as well as nutrition education on the prevention of obesity and its consequences.
在吉打州和柔佛州的两个种植园开展了研究，以描述334名（169名女性、165名男性）马来西亚种植园工人的人体测量学特征和饮食模式。研究对象为马来族和印度族成年人（年龄在18至60岁之间），从事各种工作活动，包括橡胶采集工、棕榈果采摘工、田间监督员和种植园工厂工人。人体测量结果显示，尽管这些工人从事中度至重度活动，但超重（男性26%，女性25%）和肥胖（男性5%，女性11%）的患病率高于体重不足（男性11%，女性9%）的患病率。饮食摄入模式表明，饮食中热量的主要来源是大米、食用油和糖。马来族饮食中蛋白质的主要来源是凤尾鱼和鱼类，而印度族饮食中的蛋白质则由咸鱼、凤尾鱼、鸡蛋、鱼类和豆类提供。两个族群的家禽、肉类和奶制品消费量都很低。记录了108名正常体重受试者（56名女性、52名男性）子样本的3天饮食摄入量。结果显示，男性的平均能量摄入量为8.44±2.1 MJ，女性为6.48±1.29 MJ。男性蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物提供的热量贡献分别为13%、22%和60%，女性分别为12%、23%和65%。发现酒精摄入量占印度男性受试者饮食能量的5%。钙、铁、维生素A、硫胺素、核黄素和烟酸的摄入量低于马来西亚推荐膳食摄入量的66%，尤其是女性。收入似乎与女性工人的能量和铁摄入量以及男性工人的硫胺素、烟酸和核黄素摄入量显著相关。需要改善这些工人的饮食摄入质量，并开展关于预防肥胖及其后果的营养教育。
