Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-2650, USA.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2012 Oct;12(5):380-7. doi: 10.1007/s11882-012-0278-z.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) most often causes severe respiratory disease in the very young and the elderly. Acute disease can also cause exacerbations of asthma in any age group. Recent findings provide insight into how the innate and adaptive immune systems respond to RSV infection and provide preliminary evidence that these effects vary significantly by RSV strain and host. Components of cell signaling pathways that induce inflammatory cytokine expression during the innate immune response and alter epithelial cell polarity through activating transcription factors, namely NF-κB, are now more clearly understood. New studies also reveal how RSV infection skews T helper (Th) cell differentiation away from the cell-mediated Th1 subset and towards the Th2 subset. There are also new data supporting preferential Th17 differentiation during RSV infection. In addition, effective immune system regulation of IL-10 expression and T regulatory cell (Treg) airway accumulation are essential for effective RSV clearance.
呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）通常在非常年幼和年老的人群中引起严重的呼吸道疾病。急性疾病也可能导致任何年龄组的哮喘恶化。最近的研究结果提供了关于先天和适应性免疫系统如何对 RSV 感染作出反应的深入了解，并提供了初步证据表明，这些影响因 RSV 株和宿主而异。诱导先天免疫反应中炎症细胞因子表达并通过激活转录因子（即 NF-κB）改变上皮细胞极性的细胞信号通路成分现在得到了更清楚的理解。新的研究还揭示了 RSV 感染如何使辅助性 T 细胞（Th）细胞分化偏向 Th2 亚群而不是细胞介导的 Th1 亚群。也有新的数据支持 RSV 感染期间 Th17 分化的偏好。此外，IL-10 表达和 T 调节细胞（Treg）气道聚集的有效免疫系统调节对于 RSV 的有效清除至关重要。
