Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA.
Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2012 Aug;16(3-4):391-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.05.187. Epub 2012 Jun 12.
Heterogeneity in the content and function of subcellular organelles on the intercellular and intracellular level plays an important role in determining cell fate. These variations extend to normal-state and disease-state cellular functions and responses to environmental stimuli, such as oxidative stress and therapeutic drugs. Analytical tools to characterize variation in all types of organelles are essential to provide insights that can lead to advances in medicine, such as therapies targeted to specific subcellular regions. In this review, we discuss analytical techniques for interrogating individual intact organelles (e.g. mitochondria and synaptic vesicles) and lysates in a high-throughput manner, including a recently developed nanoscale fluorescence-activated subcellular sorter and techniques based on capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. We then highlight the advantages that droplet microfluidics offers for probing subcellular heterogeneity.
细胞间和细胞内细胞器的内容和功能的异质性在决定细胞命运方面起着重要作用。这些变化延伸到正常状态和疾病状态的细胞功能以及对环境刺激（如氧化应激和治疗药物）的反应。用于描述所有类型细胞器变化的分析工具对于提供洞察力至关重要，这些洞察力可以推动医学的进步，例如针对特定亚细胞区域的治疗方法。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了以高通量方式分析单个完整细胞器（例如线粒体和突触小泡）和裂解物的分析技术，包括最近开发的纳米级荧光激活亚细胞分选器和基于毛细管电泳与激光诱导荧光检测的技术。然后，我们强调了液滴微流控技术在探测亚细胞异质性方面的优势。
