CASL, Queen Margaret University, Musselburgh, Scotland, UK.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2012 Oct;19(5):921-8. doi: 10.3758/s13423-012-0279-x.
Disfluency is a characteristic feature of spontaneous human speech, commonly seen as a consequence of problems with production. However, the question remains open as to why speakers are disfluent: Is it a mechanical by-product of planning difficulty, or do speakers use disfluency in dialogue to manage listeners' expectations? To address this question, we present two experiments investigating the production of disfluency in monologue and dialogue situations. Dialogue affected the linguistic choices made by participants, who aligned on referring expressions by choosing less frequent names for ambiguous images where those names had previously been mentioned. However, participants were no more disfluent in dialogue than in monologue situations, and the distribution of types of disfluency used remained constant. Our evidence rules out at least a straightforward interpretation of the view that disfluencies are an intentional signal in dialogue.
不流畅是人类自然语言的一个特征，通常被认为是产生问题的结果。然而，人们仍然不清楚为什么说话者会出现不流畅：这是计划困难的机械副产品，还是说话者在对话中使用不流畅来管理听众的期望？为了解决这个问题，我们进行了两项实验，研究独白和对话情境中不流畅的产生。对话影响了参与者的语言选择，他们通过在先前提到过的名称的情况下选择不太常见的名称来对齐指代表达，从而对模糊的图像进行指代。然而，参与者在对话中的不流畅程度并不比独白时高，并且使用的不流畅类型的分布保持不变。我们的证据排除了至少一种直接的解释，即不流畅是对话中的一种有意信号。
