Richter A, Schumann N P, Zwiener U
Institute of Pathological Physiology, Jena, G.D.R.
Int J Psychophysiol. 1990 Nov;10(1):75-83. doi: 10.1016/0167-8760(90)90048-i.
In the present study different heart rate patterns were demonstrated to accompany flight-fight behaviour, orienting behaviour and passive avoidance in rabbits. Flight-fight behaviour was characterized by markedly increased heart rate and diminished overall heart rate variability. The effect was mediated by vagal inhibition and beta-adrenergic activation in a type-specific relation. Orienting behaviour was accompanied by a smaller heart rate increase and the exaggeration of slow heart rate fluctuations. The latter effect was absent during beta-adrenergic blockade suggesting a behaviourally provoked beta-adrenergic activation. Single beta-adrenergic blockade did not change the characteristics of the heart rate fluctuations at rest. During passive avoidance a vagally mediated heart rate deceleration was followed by a slow heart rate return toward the initial heart rate level. This level was not reached during beta-adrenergic blockade. The enhanced overall heart rate variability during passive avoidance was mainly caused by strengthened respiratory-induced heart rate fluctuations and, furthermore, by exaggerated slow rhythmical heart rate fluctuations. The latter effect was not observed during beta-adrenergic blockade and is referred to as an orienting component within passive avoidance. Three individual behavioural types may be differentiated in rabbits 'Weisses Gross-Silber' by stable behavioural characteristics i.e. spontaneous motor activities, preferred postures at rest and coping behaviour. The results of the present study suggest that different neurovegetative reaction types, i.e. dominating beta-adrenergic or vagal activation are correlated with stable behavioural characteristics, especially in terms of preferring active or passive coping behaviour, respectively.
在本研究中，已证明家兔在战斗-逃跑行为、定向行为和被动回避过程中会伴随不同的心率模式。战斗-逃跑行为的特征是心率显著增加且总体心率变异性降低。这种效应是由迷走神经抑制和β-肾上腺素能激活以特定类型的关系介导的。定向行为伴随着较小的心率增加以及缓慢心率波动的加剧。在β-肾上腺素能阻断期间，后一种效应不存在，这表明是行为引发的β-肾上腺素能激活。单次β-肾上腺素能阻断并未改变静息时心率波动的特征。在被动回避过程中，迷走神经介导的心率减速之后是心率缓慢恢复到初始心率水平。在β-肾上腺素能阻断期间未达到该水平。被动回避期间总体心率变异性增强主要是由呼吸诱导的心率波动增强引起的，此外，还由缓慢的节律性心率波动加剧引起。在β-肾上腺素能阻断期间未观察到后一种效应，这被称为被动回避中的定向成分。通过稳定的行为特征，即自发运动活动、静息时的偏好姿势和应对行为，可以在家兔“Weisses Gross-Silber”中区分出三种个体行为类型。本研究结果表明，不同的神经植物性反应类型，即占主导的β-肾上腺素能或迷走神经激活，与稳定的行为特征相关，特别是分别在偏好主动或被动应对行为方面。
