Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10028, USA.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2012 Aug;83(8):836-41. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2011-302078. Epub 2012 Jun 13.
Although most individuals who suffer a mild traumatic brain injury have complete recovery, a number experience persistent symptoms that appear inconsistent with the severity of the injury. Symptoms may be ascribed to malingering, exaggeration or poor effort on cognitive testing. The purpose of this paper is to propose that previously unconsidered factors, informed by social psychology and behavioural economics, can appear as 'symptom magnification' or 'poor effort', which are incorrectly interpreted as the result of a conscious process. These are complex and multi-determined behaviours with a unique differential diagnosis which have important implications for research, evaluation and treatment.
尽管大多数遭受轻度创伤性脑损伤的个体都能完全康复，但仍有一部分人持续出现与损伤严重程度不一致的症状。这些症状可能归因于在认知测试中装病、夸大或不努力。本文旨在提出一个观点，即以前未被考虑的因素，受到社会心理学和行为经济学的启发，可能表现为“症状放大”或“不努力”，这些被错误地解释为有意识过程的结果。这些是复杂的、多因素决定的行为，具有独特的鉴别诊断，对研究、评估和治疗具有重要意义。
