Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Burns. 2013 Feb;39(1):61-7. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2012.03.005. Epub 2012 Jun 13.
The purpose of this randomised clinical trial (RCT) was to determine the effect of jaw relaxation on pain anxiety related to dressing changes in burn injuries.
Patients hospitalised with burns experience high levels of anticipatory anxiety during dressing changes, which cannot be completely managed by anxiolytic drugs. Nurses as members of the burn care team contribute to pain management by using relaxation techniques as one of the most frequently used approaches to pain anxiety management. However, there is not enough information about the effects of these techniques on pain anxiety of patients with burns. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of jaw relaxation on pain anxiety related to dressing changes in burn injuries.
It was a randomised clinical trial with a control group. A total of 100 patients hospitalised in Shahid Motahari Burn Centre affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences were recruited by convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to either experimental or control groups using minimisation. With institutional approval and written consent, the experimental group practiced jaw relaxation for 20 min before entering the dressing room. Data were collected by the Burn Specific Pain Anxiety Scale (BSPAS) during July-December 2009 and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)-PC (17).
An independent t-test showed no significant difference between mean pain anxiety scores in the experimental and control group before intervention (p=0.787). A dependent t-test showed significantly less pain anxiety after intervention (before dressing) in the experimental group (p<0.05). Moreover, the independent t-test showed that the post-dressing pain anxiety of the experimental group was less than the control group (p<0.05). However, the dependent t-test showed no significant difference between before and after dressing pain anxiety (after intervention) in the experimental group (p=0.303).
Nurses can independently decrease the pain anxiety of patients with burns and its subsequent physical and psychological burden by teaching the simple and inexpensive technique of jaw relaxation. Further research is needed to study the effect of this technique on pain anxiety of patients suffering from other painful procedures.
本随机临床试验（RCT）旨在确定下颌放松对烧伤换药相关疼痛焦虑的影响。
住院烧伤患者在换药过程中会经历高度的预期性焦虑，而这种焦虑不能完全通过抗焦虑药物来控制。护士作为烧伤护理团队的成员，通过使用放松技术来帮助管理疼痛，这是最常用来管理疼痛焦虑的方法之一。然而，关于这些技术对烧伤患者疼痛焦虑的影响，我们知之甚少。本研究旨在确定下颌放松对烧伤换药相关疼痛焦虑的影响。
这是一项随机临床试验，设有对照组。通过便利抽样，共招募了 100 名在德黑兰大学医学科学附属沙希德·莫塔哈里烧伤中心住院的患者，采用最小化方法将其随机分为实验组和对照组。在获得机构批准和书面同意后，实验组在进入换药室前练习下颌放松 20 分钟。在 2009 年 7 月至 12 月期间，使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）-PC（17）版收集烧伤特定疼痛焦虑量表（BSPAS）的数据。
独立样本 t 检验显示，干预前实验组和对照组的平均疼痛焦虑评分之间无显著差异（p=0.787）。在实验组，干预后（换药前）疼痛焦虑显著降低（p<0.05），这是一项依赖样本 t 检验。此外，独立样本 t 检验显示，实验组的换药后疼痛焦虑程度低于对照组（p<0.05）。然而，实验组干预前后（干预后）的换药后疼痛焦虑程度无显著差异（p=0.303），这是一项依赖样本 t 检验。
护士可以通过教授简单且廉价的下颌放松技术，独立降低烧伤患者的疼痛焦虑及其随后的身体和心理负担。需要进一步研究该技术对其他疼痛治疗过程中患者疼痛焦虑的影响。
