Research Center for Marketing and Consumer Science, Faculty of Business and Economics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Naamsestraat 69, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Appetite. 2012 Oct;59(2):403-8. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.06.003. Epub 2012 Jun 12.
This study investigated how a combination of tangible and non-tangible rewards can alter health-related decisions made by children. Children chose between an unhealthy food option (a bowl of potato crisps) and a healthy food option (a bowl of grapes) on two occasions. In the first round, we manipulated the expected tangible reward and praise. The tangible reward was manipulated by means of a game that the child received upon choosing the healthy product, and the praise was manipulated by means of the teacher's applause and smiles if the child selected the healthy option. The second trial occurred three days after the first trial using the same food item options. Neither tangible rewards nor praise influenced the children's choices by themselves, but combining the two substantially increased the children's likelihood of selecting the healthy food choice. The data were consistent with a reattribution process akin to social labelling. Although initially externally motivated to select the healthy option, the children who received praise appeared to interpret their choice as internally motivated and therefore continued to select the healthy option even in the absence of reward.
本研究调查了有形和无形奖励的组合如何改变儿童做出的与健康相关的决策。孩子们在两种情况下在不健康的食物选择（一碗薯片）和健康的食物选择（一碗葡萄）之间做出选择。在第一轮中，我们操纵了预期的有形奖励和表扬。有形奖励是通过孩子选择健康产品时获得的游戏来操纵的，而表扬是通过老师的掌声和微笑来操纵的，如果孩子选择了健康的选择。第二次试验在第一次试验三天后进行，使用相同的食物选项。有形奖励和表扬本身都没有影响孩子们的选择，但两者结合大大增加了孩子们选择健康食物的可能性。数据与类似于社会标记的归因过程一致。尽管最初是为了选择健康的选择而受到外部激励，但那些受到表扬的孩子似乎将自己的选择解释为内在动机，因此即使没有奖励，他们也会继续选择健康的选择。
