Dolan Paul, Galizzi Matteo M, Navarro-Martinez Daniel
London School of Economics and Political Science, Department of Social Policy, LSE Health, Houghton Street, WC2A2AE London, UK; Centre for the Study of Incentives in Health, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, St Thomas Street, SE1 9RT London, UK.
London School of Economics and Political Science, Department of Social Policy, LSE Health, Houghton Street, WC2A2AE London, UK; Centre for the Study of Incentives in Health, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, St Thomas Street, SE1 9RT London, UK; Paris School of Economics-École d'Économie de Paris, Hospinnomics, Hôtel-Dieu, 1, Parvis de Notre-Dame, Bâtiment B1, 5° étage, 75004 Paris, France.
Soc Sci Med. 2015 May;133:153-8. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.04.002. Epub 2015 Apr 3.
There is no evidence comparing head-to-head the effects of monetary incentives to act and to abstain from acting on behaviour. We present an experiment, conducted between June and September 2012, that directly compares the effects of those two different monetary incentive schemes on eating behaviour: we evaluate incentives to eat against incentives not to eat. A large number of participants (n = 353) had bowls of sweets next to them while they watched different videos over two experimental sessions that were two days apart. Sweets eating was monitored and monetary incentives to eat or not to eat were introduced during one of the videos for participants randomly allocated to these conditions. Our results show that, while both types of incentives were effective in changing sweets-eating behaviour when they were in place, only incentives not to eat had significant carryover effects after they were removed. Those effects were still significant two days after the monetary incentives had been eliminated. We also present some additional results on personality and health-related variables that shed further light on these effects. Overall, our study shows that incentives not to eat can be more effective in producing carryover effects on behaviour in domains like the one explored here.
没有证据直接比较促使行动和抑制行动的货币激励措施对行为的影响。我们展示了一项在2012年6月至9月间进行的实验，该实验直接比较了这两种不同货币激励方案对饮食行为的影响：我们评估促使进食的激励措施与抑制进食的激励措施。大量参与者（n = 353）在两个相隔两天的实验环节中观看不同视频时，旁边都放着一碗糖果。进食情况受到监测，并且在其中一个视频播放期间，对随机分配到这些条件下的参与者引入促使进食或抑制进食的货币激励措施。我们的结果表明，虽然两种类型的激励措施在实施时都能有效改变吃糖果的行为，但只有抑制进食的激励措施在取消后具有显著的延续效应。在货币激励措施取消两天后，这些效应仍然显著。我们还展示了一些关于人格和健康相关变量的额外结果，这些结果进一步揭示了这些效应。总体而言，我们的研究表明，抑制进食的激励措施在对类似此处所探讨领域的行为产生延续效应方面可能更有效。
