Drug Ther Bull. 2012 Jun;50(6):66-8. doi: 10.1136/dtb.2012.06.0111.
Epilepsy (a proneness to recurrent seizures) is the most common serious neurological disorder, with an incidence of around 40-70 cases per 100,000 population in developed countries, and a lifetime risk of 1-3%.(1-3) Seizures have been reported to cease on absolute fasting, and early studies suggested that a diet high in fat and low in carbohydrate would produce similar conditions to fasting; the anticonvulsant effect was attributed to the production of ketones.(2) The ketogenic diet was introduced as a treatment for epilepsy in the 1920s, but its use waned with the introduction of phenytoin and other antiepileptic drugs.(2-4) However, around 30% of patients continue to have seizures while taking one or more antiepileptic drugs, and some patients have significant unwanted effects with such medication.(1,2) During the past two decades, there has been a renaissance of interest in dietary therapy.(2) Here, we focus on the use of ketogenic diets in the treatment of epilepsy.
癫痫（一种易反复发作的疾病）是最常见的严重神经系统疾病，在发达国家，其发病率约为每10万人中有40 - 70例，终生患病风险为1% - 3%。（1 - 3）据报道，绝对禁食可使癫痫发作停止，早期研究表明，高脂肪低碳水化合物饮食会产生与禁食类似的状况；抗惊厥作用归因于酮体的产生。（2）生酮饮食于20世纪20年代被引入作为癫痫的一种治疗方法，但随着苯妥英钠和其他抗癫痫药物的出现，其应用逐渐减少。（2 - 4）然而，约30%的患者在服用一种或多种抗癫痫药物时仍会发作，而且一些患者使用此类药物会出现明显的不良反应。（1,2）在过去二十年中，人们对饮食疗法的兴趣再度兴起。（2）在此，我们重点关注生酮饮食在癫痫治疗中的应用。
