Rodrigues Maria Carolina O, Rodrigues Antonio Antunes, Glover Loren E, Voltarelli Julio, Borlongan Cesario V
Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Boulvard, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
ScientificWorldJournal. 2012;2012:413091. doi: 10.1100/2012/413091. Epub 2012 Jun 4.
Peripheral nerve injuries are a frequent and disabling condition, which affects 13 to 23 per 100.000 persons each year. Severe cases, with structural disruption of the nerve, are associated with poor functional recovery. The experimental treatment using nerve grafts to replace damaged or shortened axons is limited by technical difficulties, invasiveness, and mediocre results. Other therapeutic choices include the adjunctive application of cultured Schwann cells and nerve conduits to guide axonal growth. The bone marrow is a rich source of mesenchymal cells, which can be differentiated in vitro into Schwann cells and subsequently engrafted into the damaged nerve. Alternatively, undifferentiated bone marrow mesenchymal cells can be associated with nerve conduits and afterward transplanted. Experimental studies provide evidence of functional, histological, and electromyographical improvement following transplantation of bone-marrow-derived cells in animal models of peripheral nerve injury. This paper focuses on this new therapeutic approach highlighting its direct translational and clinical utility in promoting regeneration of not only acute but perhaps also chronic cases of peripheral nerve damage.
周围神经损伤是一种常见且致残的疾病，每年每10万人中有13至23人受其影响。严重的病例，即神经结构遭到破坏的情况，与功能恢复不佳有关。使用神经移植物替代受损或缩短轴突的实验性治疗受到技术难题、侵入性以及效果一般的限制。其他治疗选择包括辅助应用培养的施万细胞和神经导管来引导轴突生长。骨髓是间充质细胞的丰富来源，这些细胞可在体外分化为施万细胞，随后植入受损神经。或者，未分化的骨髓间充质细胞可与神经导管结合，然后进行移植。实验研究提供了证据，表明在周围神经损伤动物模型中移植骨髓源性细胞后，功能、组织学和肌电图方面都有改善。本文重点关注这种新的治疗方法，强调其在促进急性甚至可能慢性周围神经损伤病例再生方面的直接转化应用和临床实用性。
