School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
Sleep Med. 2012 Aug;13(7):898-905. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2012.04.006. Epub 2012 Jun 15.
Sleep is often disrupted following a traumatic brain injury (TBI), which may compromise recovery and quality of life. Prevalence rates vary widely, reflecting differences in the criteria and measures that are used to assess sleep, as well as sample differences. This meta-analysis examined the prevalence of general and specific, and formally and informally diagnosed, sleep disturbances following TBI in order to establish the nature and extent of these sequelae and their potential impact on recovery.
Data from 21 studies, which assessed (1) sleep disturbances, regardless of type or severity, (2) diagnosed sleep disorders, and (3) specific sleep problems following TBI, were analyzed and compared to data for the general population.
Overall, 50% of people suffered from some form of sleep disturbance after a TBI and 25-29% had a diagnosed sleep disorder (insomnia, hypersomnia, apnea) - rates that are much higher than those seen in the general population. They were also two to four times more likely to experience problems with sleep maintenance and efficiency, nightmares, excessive sleepiness, early awakenings, and sleep walking.
Sleep disturbances are very common after TBI and have the potential to seriously undermine patient rehabilitation, recovery, and outcomes; making it important to routinely screen for such problems in order to assess both treatment needs and their potential impact on recovery and outcome.
颅脑损伤 (TBI) 后常出现睡眠障碍，这可能会影响恢复和生活质量。患病率差异很大，这反映了用于评估睡眠的标准和方法以及样本差异。本荟萃分析旨在评估 TBI 后一般和特定的、正式和非正式诊断的睡眠障碍的患病率，以确定这些后遗症的性质和程度及其对恢复的潜在影响。
分析了 21 项研究的数据，这些研究评估了 (1) 无论类型或严重程度如何的睡眠障碍，(2) 诊断性睡眠障碍，以及 (3) TBI 后的特定睡眠问题，并将其与一般人群的数据进行比较。
总体而言，50%的人在 TBI 后出现某种形式的睡眠障碍，25-29%的人患有诊断性睡眠障碍（失眠、嗜睡症、呼吸暂停）——这些比率远高于一般人群。他们也更有可能出现睡眠维持和效率、噩梦、过度嗜睡、早醒和梦游等问题。
TBI 后睡眠障碍非常常见，有可能严重影响患者的康复、恢复和预后；因此，有必要定期筛查这些问题，以评估治疗需求及其对恢复和预后的潜在影响。
