Hashemi Hassan, Khabazkhoob Mehdi, Jafarzadehpur Ebrahim, Yekta Abbas Ali, Emamian Mohammad Hassan, Shariati Mohammad, Fotouhi Akbar
Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
Optom Vis Sci. 2012 Jul;89(7):993-9. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0b013e31825e6554.
To determine the prevalence of myopia and hyperopia and the associated risk factors in the presbyopic age group of the population in Shahroud, Iran.
Through a multistage random cluster sampling approach, 6311 people of the 40- to 64-year-old population residing in Shahroud were invited to this study. The prevalence of a cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) ≥-0.5 diopter (D) and hyperopia >+0.50 D was determined by age and gender.
Of the invitees, 5190 (82.2%) participated in the study and data from 4864 people was used in the analyses. On the basis of cycloplegic refraction, the prevalence of myopia and hyperopia was 30.2% [95% confidence interval (CI): 28.9 to 31.5] and 35.6 (95% CI: 34.1 to 37.1), respectively. In the multiple logistic regression model, the odds of myopia significantly increased with higher education [odds ratio (OR) = 1.02, p < 0.001] and nuclear cataract (OR = 3.23, p < 0.001). After the age of 54 years, the odds of hyperopia significantly increased compared with the 40- to 44-year age group, whereas higher education and nuclear cataract had negative association with hyperopia. The prevalence of high myopia (SE >-6.0 D) and high hyperopia (SE > 4.0 D) was 1.9% (95% CI: 1.5 to 2.3) and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.8 to 1.4), respectively. Nuclear cataract significantly correlated with high myopia (OR = 6.44) and older age significantly correlated with high hyperopia (OR = 1.12).
The prevalence of myopia was unexpectedly higher than that found in other parts of the Middle East. The prevalence of hyperopia was lower than that previously reported in Iran. Education correlated directly with myopia and inversely with hyperopia; however, nuclear cataract was the most important risk factor for myopia. Adjusted for other variables, the prevalence of hyperopia still increased with age.
确定伊朗沙赫鲁德人群中老花眼年龄组近视和远视的患病率及相关危险因素。
采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法，邀请居住在沙赫鲁德的6311名40至64岁人群参与本研究。通过年龄和性别确定睫状肌麻痹等效球镜度（SE）≥ -0.5屈光度（D）和远视>+0.50 D的患病率。
在受邀者中，5190人（82.2%）参与了研究，4864人的数据用于分析。根据睫状肌麻痹验光，近视和远视的患病率分别为30.2%[95%置信区间（CI）：28.9至31.5]和35.6（95%CI：34.1至37.1）。在多元逻辑回归模型中，近视的几率随着受教育程度的提高[比值比（OR）=1.02，p<0.001]和核性白内障（OR = 3.23，p<0.001）而显著增加。54岁以后，与40至44岁年龄组相比，远视的几率显著增加，而受教育程度和核性白内障与远视呈负相关。高度近视（SE>-6.0 D）和高度远视（SE>4.0 D）的患病率分别为1.9%（95%CI：1.5至2.3）和1.1%（95%CI：0.8至1.4）。核性白内障与高度近视显著相关（OR = 6.44），年龄较大与高度远视显著相关（OR = 1.12）。
近视患病率意外高于中东其他地区。远视患病率低于伊朗此前报道的水平。教育与近视呈正相关，与远视呈负相关；然而，核性白内障是近视最重要的危险因素。在调整其他变量后，远视患病率仍随年龄增加。
