Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, 2400, Copenhagen NY, Denmark.
Lung. 2012 Oct;190(5):557-61. doi: 10.1007/s00408-012-9397-5. Epub 2012 Jun 19.
It is well known that smoking is a major risk factor for lung disease and respiratory symptoms. We examined the association between smoking and the risk of chronic bronchitis in a large twin sample.
In a population-based questionnaire study of 13,649 twins, aged 50-71 years, from the Danish Twin Registry, we identified 1,146 twin pairs, discordant for a lifetime history smoking. We performed co-twin control analysis to examine the impact of smoking on the risk of chronic bronchitis.
The prevalence of chronic bronchitis was 9.7 %. In the total sample, high age, living without a spouse, and smoking remained statistically significant predictors with an up to tenfold increased risk of chronic bronchitis in the heaviest smokers compared with never-smokers, after multivariate adjustment. Among twin pairs discordant for smoking, chronic bronchitis was significantly more common in the smoking twin compared with the nonsmoking co-twin. There was no differential effect of smoking on the risk of chronic bronchitis in monozygotic and dizygotic twins.
The risk of chronic bronchitis increases with age and increasing tobacco consumption. The results indicate a direct relationship between smoking and development of chronic bronchitis, but other environmental factors, such as exposure to household smoking in childhood and living without a spouse, also play a role.
众所周知，吸烟是肺部疾病和呼吸道症状的主要危险因素。我们在一个大型双胞胎样本中研究了吸烟与慢性支气管炎风险之间的关系。
在丹麦双胞胎登记处一项针对年龄在 50-71 岁的 13649 对双胞胎的基于人群的问卷调查研究中，我们确定了 1146 对双胞胎，其吸烟史终生不一致。我们进行了同卵双胞胎对照分析，以研究吸烟对慢性支气管炎风险的影响。
慢性支气管炎的患病率为 9.7%。在总样本中，高年龄、无配偶和吸烟仍然是统计学上显著的预测因素，与从不吸烟者相比，重度吸烟者患慢性支气管炎的风险增加了十倍以上，经过多变量调整。在吸烟不一致的双胞胎对中，与不吸烟的同卵双胞胎相比，吸烟双胞胎患慢性支气管炎的比例显著更高。吸烟对同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎患慢性支气管炎的风险没有差异影响。
慢性支气管炎的风险随着年龄的增长和烟草消费的增加而增加。结果表明吸烟与慢性支气管炎的发展之间存在直接关系，但其他环境因素，如儿童时期接触家庭吸烟和无配偶生活，也发挥了作用。
