职业暴露于有机气溶胶的工人的性别与呼吸状况：12项横断面研究的荟萃分析
Gender and respiratory findings in workers occupationally exposed to organic aerosols: a meta analysis of 12 cross-sectional studies.
作者信息
Schachter E Neil, Zuskin Eugenija, Moshier Erin L, Godbold James, Mustajbegovic Jadranka, Pucarin-Cvetkovic Jasna, Chiarelli Angelo
机构信息
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L, Levy Place 1232, New York, NY, USA.
出版信息
Environ Health. 2009 Jan 12;8:1. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-8-1.
BACKGROUND
Gender related differences in respiratory disease have been documented. The aim of this study was to investigate gender related differences in respiratory findings by occupation. We analyzed data from 12 of our previously published studies.
METHODS
Three thousand and eleven (3011) workers employed in "organic dust" industries (1379 female and 1632 male) were studied. A control group of 806 workers not exposed to any kind of dust were also investigated (male = 419, female = 387). Acute and chronic respiratory symptoms and lung function were measured. The weighted average method and the Mantel-Haentszel method were used to calculate the odds ratios of symptoms. Hedge's unbiased estimations were used to measure lung function differences between men and women.
RESULTS
There were high prevalences of acute and chronic respiratory symptoms in all the "dusty" studied groups compared to controls. Significantly less chronic cough, chronic phlegm as well as chronic bronchitis were found among women than among men after the adjustments for smoking, age and duration of employment. Upper respiratory tract symptoms by contrast were more frequent in women than in men in these groups. Significant gender related lung function differences occurred in the textile industry but not in the food processing industry or among farmers.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that in industries processing organic compounds there are gender differences in respiratory symptoms and lung function in exposed workers. Whether these findings represent true physiologic gender differences, gender specific workplace exposures or other undefined gender variables not defined in this study cannot be determined. These data do not suggest that special limitations for women are warranted for respiratory health reasons in these industries, but the issue of upper respiratory irritation and disease warrants further study.
背景
呼吸系统疾病存在性别差异已得到证实。本研究旨在调查按职业划分的呼吸系统检查结果中的性别差异。我们分析了之前发表的12项研究的数据。
方法
对从事“有机粉尘”行业的3011名工人（1379名女性和1632名男性）进行了研究。还对806名未接触任何粉尘的工人对照组进行了调查（男性 = 419名，女性 = 387名）。测量了急性和慢性呼吸道症状及肺功能。采用加权平均法和Mantel-Haentszel法计算症状的比值比。使用Hedge无偏估计法测量男女之间的肺功能差异。
结果
与对照组相比，所有研究的“粉尘”组中急性和慢性呼吸道症状的患病率都很高。在对吸烟、年龄和就业年限进行调整后，发现女性的慢性咳嗽、慢性咳痰以及慢性支气管炎的发生率明显低于男性。相比之下，这些组中女性的上呼吸道症状比男性更常见。纺织行业出现了显著与性别相关的肺功能差异，但食品加工业或农民群体中未出现。
结论
本研究结果表明，在加工有机化合物的行业中，接触工人的呼吸道症状和肺功能存在性别差异。这些发现是否代表真正的生理性别差异、特定性别的工作场所暴露或本研究未定义的其他未明确的性别变量尚无法确定。这些数据并不表明出于呼吸健康原因有必要对这些行业的女性设置特殊限制，但上呼吸道刺激和疾病问题值得进一步研究。
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