Safety and Health Assessment and Research for Prevention (SHARP) Program, Washington State Department of Labor and Industries, Olympia, Washington 98504-4330, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 2012 Nov;55(11):976-90. doi: 10.1002/ajim.22084. Epub 2012 Jun 19.
Studies of regulatory effectiveness have shown mixed evidence of impact of inspections on injury rates. We examine changes in workers compensation claims rates and costs for Washington employers having either an inspection, with or without citation, or a voluntary consultation activity.
We merge 10 years of enforcement and consultation activity with workers compensation records at the individual workplace level for stable firms with a single business location and at least 10 full-time employees. The change in claims incidence rates (CIRs) was estimated, controlling for workplace claims rate history, size, and industry. Separate analyses were performed for non-musculoskeletal and musculoskeletal (MSD) CIRs, claims costs and for enforcement activities with citation and without citation.
Enforcement activities are associated with a significant reduction in CIRs and costs. Similar results may also be attributable to consultations. Inspections were associated with a 4% decline in time-loss claims rates relative to uninspected workplaces. The effect strengthens when MSD claims are excluded. Citations for non-compliance are associated with a 20% decline in non-MSD CIRs relative to uninspected workplaces. There is also some evidence for a reduction in MSD claims rates beginning in the second year following inspection. Enforcement and consultation activity is associated with substantial decreases in claims costs.
Enforcement activities make a significant contribution to reducing CIRs and costs. Similar results following consultations may also exist. Inspections with citations are more effective than those without. Claims rates for non-MSD injuries, related to hazards covered by specific standards, are more affected in the year following the visit, while those for MSDs take longer to begin falling.
监管效力的研究表明，检查对伤害率的影响存在混合证据。我们研究了华盛顿雇主的工人赔偿索赔率和成本的变化，这些雇主要么接受了检查（有或没有处罚），要么进行了自愿咨询活动。
我们将 10 年的执法和咨询活动与单个工作场所和至少有 10 名全职员工的稳定公司的工人赔偿记录合并。通过控制工作场所索赔率历史、规模和行业，估计了索赔发生率（CIR）的变化。对非肌肉骨骼和肌肉骨骼（MSD）CIR、索赔成本以及有处罚和无处罚的执法活动进行了单独分析。
执法活动与 CIR 和成本的显著降低有关。类似的结果也可能归因于咨询。与未经检查的工作场所相比，检查与缺勤索赔率下降 4%有关。当排除 MSD 索赔时，效果会增强。不符合规定的处罚与非 MSD CIR 相对于未经检查的工作场所下降 20%有关。也有证据表明，在检查后的第二年，MSD 索赔率开始下降。执法和咨询活动与索赔成本的大幅降低有关。
执法活动对降低 CIR 和成本有重大贡献。类似的结果也可能存在于咨询之后。有处罚的检查比没有处罚的检查更有效。与特定标准涵盖的危险有关的非 MSD 伤害的索赔率在访问后的第一年受到更大影响，而 MSD 的索赔率则需要更长时间开始下降。
