Department of Signals and Systems, Biomedical Engineering Division, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
Biomed Eng Online. 2012 Jun 20;11:33. doi: 10.1186/1475-925X-11-33.
The control of robotic prostheses based on pattern recognition algorithms is a widely studied subject that has shown promising results in acute experiments. The long-term implementation of this technology, however, has not yet been achieved due to practical issues that can be mainly attributed to the use of surface electrodes and their highly environmental dependency. This paper describes several implantable electrodes and discusses them as a solution for the natural control of artificial limbs. In this context "natural" is defined as producing control over limb movement analogous to that of an intact physiological system. This includes coordinated and simultaneous movements of different degrees of freedom. It also implies that the input signals must come from nerves or muscles that were originally meant to produce the intended movement and that feedback is perceived as originating in the missing limb without requiring burdensome levels of concentration. After scrutinizing different electrode designs and their clinical implementation, we concluded that the epimysial and cuff electrodes are currently promising candidates to achieving a long-term stable and natural control of robotic prosthetics, provided that communication from the electrodes to the outside of the body is guaranteed.
基于模式识别算法的机器人假肢控制是一个广泛研究的课题，在急性实验中已经显示出了有前景的结果。然而，由于实际问题，这项技术的长期实施尚未实现，这些实际问题主要归因于表面电极的使用及其高度的环境依赖性。本文描述了几种可植入电极，并将其作为自然控制人工肢体的解决方案进行了讨论。在这种情况下，“自然”被定义为产生类似于完整生理系统的肢体运动控制。这包括不同自由度的协调和同步运动。它还意味着输入信号必须来自原本用于产生预期运动的神经或肌肉，并且反馈被感知为源自缺失的肢体，而不需要集中注意力。在仔细研究了不同的电极设计及其临床实施之后，我们得出结论，肌膜和袖套电极是目前实现机器人假肢长期稳定和自然控制的有前途的候选者，前提是电极到体外的通信得到保证。
