Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e38607. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038607. Epub 2012 Jun 12.
The aim of this population-based study was to investigate differences in dietary patterns in relation to the level of alcohol consumption among Finnish adults. This study was part of the FinDrink project, an epidemiologic study on alcohol use among Finnish population. It utilized data from the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. A total of 1720 subjects comprising of 816 men and 904 women aged 53-73 years were included in the study in 1998-2001. Food intake was collected via a 4-day food diary method. Self-reported alcohol consumption was assessed with quantity-frequency method based on the Nordic Alcohol Consumption Inventory. Weekly alcohol consumption was categorized into three groups: non-drinkers (<12 grams), moderate drinkers (12-167.9 grams for men, 12-83.9 grams for women) and heavy drinkers (≥ 168 grams for men, ≥ 84 grams for women). Data were analyzed for men and women separately using multiple linear regression models, adjusted for age, occupational status, marital status, smoking, body mass index and leisure time physical activity. In women, moderate/heavy drinkers had lower fibre intake and moderate drinkers had higher vitamin D intake than non-drinkers. Male heavy drinkers had lower fibre, retinol, calcium and iron intake, and moderate/heavy drinkers had higher vitamin D intake than non-drinkers. Fish intake was higher among women moderate drinkers and men moderate/heavy drinkers than non-drinkers. In men, moderate drinkers had lower fruit intake and heavy drinkers had lower milk intake than non-drinkers. Moderate drinkers had higher energy intake from total fats and monosaturated fatty acids than non-drinkers. In contrast, energy intake from carbohydrates was lower among moderate/heavy drinkers than non-drinkers. In conclusion, especially male heavy drinkers had less favorable nutritional intake than moderate and non-drinkers. Further studies on the relationship between alcohol consumption and dietary habits are needed to plan a comprehensive dietary intervention programs in future.
本基于人群的研究旨在探究芬兰成年人的饮酒水平与饮食模式之间的差异。本研究是芬兰人群饮酒的流行病学研究 FinnDrink 项目的一部分。它利用了 1998-2001 年库奥皮奥缺血性心脏病风险因素研究中的数据。共有 1720 名年龄在 53-73 岁的受试者参加了这项研究，其中包括 816 名男性和 904 名女性。通过 4 天的食物日记法收集食物摄入量。通过基于北欧酒精摄入问卷的量-频法评估自我报告的酒精摄入量。每周酒精摄入量分为三组：不饮酒者（男性<12 克，女性<12 克）、适量饮酒者（男性 12-167.9 克，女性 12-83.9 克）和重度饮酒者（男性≥168 克，女性≥84 克）。分别对男性和女性进行数据分析，采用多元线性回归模型，调整年龄、职业状况、婚姻状况、吸烟、体重指数和休闲时间体力活动。在女性中，适量/重度饮酒者的膳食纤维摄入量较低，而适量饮酒者的维生素 D 摄入量较高。男性重度饮酒者的膳食纤维、视黄醇、钙和铁摄入量较低，适量/重度饮酒者的维生素 D 摄入量较高。与不饮酒者相比，女性适量饮酒者和男性适量/重度饮酒者的鱼类摄入量较高。在男性中，适量饮酒者的水果摄入量较低，重度饮酒者的牛奶摄入量较低。与不饮酒者相比，适量饮酒者的总脂肪和单不饱和脂肪酸的能量摄入较高，而适量/重度饮酒者的碳水化合物的能量摄入较低。总之，尤其是男性重度饮酒者的营养摄入不如适量和不饮酒者。需要进一步研究饮酒与饮食习惯之间的关系，以便在未来计划全面的饮食干预计划。
