Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, National Research Council, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
Environ Technol. 2012 Apr-May;33(7-9):809-20. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2011.597433.
The composition of particulate organic fraction was determined in atmospheric aerosols emitted in two sites of central and southern Chile. In particular, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrated-PAHs (N-PAHs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and furans (PCDFs) were investigated in both the urban site of Concepcion and the remote site of Coyhaique. The sampling was carried out with an active device during March and April 2007, and organic compounds adsorbed in air particles, having an aerodynamic diameter lower than 10 microm (PM10), were characterized using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS). Aerosol contents varied from 0.004 to 3.4 ng m(-3) for PAH, from 0.007 to 3.5 pg m(-3) for N-PAH, from 0.002 to 355.7 fg Nm(-3) for PCDDs and from 0.04 to 15 fg Nm(-3) for PCDFs. As expected, the lowest values were found in the remote area. In Concepcion city, despite the low number of samples, PAH levels and diagnostic ratios of some marker compounds suggested the diesel emissions, probably coming from trucks, as the major source of particulate organic pollutants associated with direct emission. Another important source of atmospheric pollution in the urban site was likely represented by the steel industry existing in this area, outlined both by the analysis of PAH and PCDD/F levels. In the samples collected in the remote air of Coyhaique (located in the southern part of Chile), the concentration of pollutants characterized by a long lifetime, as PCDD/Fs, could be related to long-range transport phenomena, instead of local sources.
在智利中部和南部的两个地点排放的大气气溶胶中，测定了颗粒有机成分的组成。特别是在 Concepcion 市区和 Coyhaique 偏远地区两个地点，研究了多环芳烃（PAHs）、硝基多环芳烃（N-PAHs）和多氯二苯并二恶英（PCDDs）和呋喃（PCDFs）。采样是在 2007 年 3 月和 4 月期间使用主动采样器进行的，使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）对空气中粒径小于 10 微米（PM10）的空气颗粒吸附的有机化合物进行了表征。气溶胶含量范围为 PAH 为 0.004 至 3.4 ng m(-3)，N-PAH 为 0.007 至 3.5 pg m(-3)，PCDDs 为 0.002 至 355.7 fg Nm(-3)，PCDFs 为 0.04 至 15 fg Nm(-3)。不出所料，在偏远地区发现的浓度最低。在 Concepcion 市，尽管样本数量较少，但某些标记化合物的 PAH 水平和诊断比值表明，与直接排放有关的颗粒有机污染物的主要来源可能是来自卡车的柴油机排放。该市区另一个重要的大气污染源可能是该地区存在的钢铁工业，这一点从 PAH 和 PCDD/F 水平的分析中可以看出。在 Coyhaique 偏远地区采集的样品中（位于智利南部），长寿命污染物（如 PCDD/Fs）的浓度可能与长程传输现象有关，而不是与当地来源有关。
