Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Manizales, Hydraulic Engineering and Environmental Research Group, Cra 27 64-60, Bloque H Palogrande, Manizales, Colombia.
Chemosphere. 2011 Sep;85(2):170-8. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.035. Epub 2011 Jul 13.
Particle-bound polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in ambient air were monitored together with particulate matter less than 10 μm (PM(10)) at three sampling sites of the Andean city of Manizales, Colombia; during September 2009 and July 2010. PCDD/Fs ambient air emissions ranged from 1 fg WHO-TEQ m(-3) to 52 fg WHO-TEQ m(-3) in particulate fraction. The PM(10) concentrations ranged from 23 μg m(-3) to 54 μg m(-3). Concentrations of PM(10) and PCDD/Fs in ambient air observed for Manizales - a medium sized city with a population of 380,000 - were comparable to concentrations in larger cities. The highest concentrations of PCDD/Fs and PM(10) found in this study were determined at the central zone of the city, characterized by public transportation density, where diesel as principal fuel is used. In addition, hypothetical gas fractions of PCDD/Fs were calculated from theoretical K(p) data. Congener profiles of PCDD/Fs exhibited ratios associated with different combustion sources at the different sampling locations, ranging from steel recycling to gasoline and diesel engines. Taking into account particle and gas hypothetical fraction of PCDD/Fs, Manizales exhibited values of PCDD/Fs equivalent to rural and urban-industrial sites in the southeast and center of the city respectively. Poor correlation of PCDDs with PM(10) (r=-0.55 and r=0.52) suggests ambient air PCDDs were derived from various combustion sources. Stronger correlation was observed of PCDFs with PM(10). Poor correlation between precipitation and reduced PM(10) concentration in ambient air (r=-0.45) suggested low PM(10) removal by rainfall.
在哥伦比亚安第斯城市马尼萨莱斯的三个采样点监测了环境空气中的颗粒结合多氯二苯并对二恶英和多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDD/Fs）以及小于 10 μm 的颗粒物（PM（10））；采样时间为 2009 年 9 月和 2010 年 7 月。PCDD/Fs 环境空气排放的颗粒分数范围为 1 fg WHO-TEQ m（-3）至 52 fg WHO-TEQ m（-3）。PM（10）浓度范围为 23 μg m（-3）至 54 μg m（-3）。在马尼萨莱斯（一个拥有 38 万人口的中等城市）观察到的 PM（10）和 PCDD/Fs 在环境空气中的浓度与大城市的浓度相当。本研究中发现的 PCDD/Fs 和 PM（10）的最高浓度出现在城市的中心区，该区域以公共交通密度为特征，主要使用柴油作为燃料。此外，还从理论 K（p）数据计算了 PCDD/Fs 的假设气体分数。在不同的采样地点，PCDD/Fs 的同系物分布表现出与不同燃烧源相关的比值，范围从钢铁回收到汽油和柴油发动机。考虑到 PCDD/Fs 的颗粒和气体假设分数，马尼萨莱斯表现出的 PCDD/Fs 当量值分别相当于城市东南部和市中心的农村和城市工业地点。PCDDs 与 PM（10）的相关性较差（r=-0.55 和 r=0.52）表明环境空气中的 PCDDs 来自各种燃烧源。PCDFs 与 PM（10）的相关性更强。环境空气中降水与 PM（10）浓度降低之间的相关性较差（r=-0.45）表明降雨对 PM（10）的去除作用较低。
