Inserm U785, Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France.
Curr Opin Virol. 2012 Aug;2(4):467-73. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2012.05.008. Epub 2012 Jun 19.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a widespread human pathogen responsible for acute and chronic liver diseases. The hepatitis B burden is particularly heavy in endemic countries, where liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are leading causes of death. However, the oncogenic role of HBV remains enigmatic. As the virus has no cytopathic effect, liver damage is attributed to immune responses that induce inflammation, apoptosis and regeneration, fostering the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations. In a more direct action, frequent integration of HBV DNA into host chromosomes may lead to insertional mutagenesis of cancer-related genes and chromosomal instability. HBV proteins, notably the HBx transactivator, participate as co-factors in oncogenesis. Better understanding of hepatitis B pathogenesis is mandatory for improving disease management.
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）是一种广泛存在的人类病原体，可导致急性和慢性肝脏疾病。乙型肝炎负担在流行地区尤其沉重，在这些地区，肝硬化和肝细胞癌是主要死亡原因。然而，HBV 的致癌作用仍然难以解释。由于该病毒没有细胞病变作用，肝损伤归因于诱导炎症、细胞凋亡和再生的免疫反应，促进了遗传和表观遗传改变的积累。在更直接的作用中，HBV DNA 频繁整合到宿主染色体中可能导致与癌症相关基因的插入突变和染色体不稳定性。HBV 蛋白，特别是 HBx 反式激活因子，作为协同因子参与致癌作用。更好地了解乙型肝炎发病机制对于改善疾病管理是必要的。
