Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Immunol Rev. 2012 Jul;248(1):68-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2012.01128.x.
In this article, we review the current knowledge on pathological and physiological autoantibodies directed toward structures in the central nervous system (CNS) with an emphasis on their regulation and origin. Pathological autoantibodies in the CNS that are associated with autoimmunity often lead to severe neurological deficits via inflammatory processes such as encephalitis. In some instances, however, autoantibodies function as a marker for diagnostic purposes without contributing to the pathological process and/or disease progression. The existence of naturally occurring physiological autoantibodies has been known for a long time, and their role in maintaining homeostasis is well established. Within the brain, naturally occurring autoantibodies targeting aggregated proteins have been detected and might be promising candidates for new therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative disorders. Further evidence has demonstrated the existence of naturally occurring antibodies targeting antigens on neurons and oligodendrocytes that promote axonal outgrowth and remyelination. The numerous actions of physiological autoantibodies as well as their regulation and origin are summarized in this review.
在本文中，我们回顾了针对中枢神经系统 (CNS) 结构的病理性和生理性自身抗体的现有知识，重点介绍了它们的调节和起源。与自身免疫相关的 CNS 病理性自身抗体通常通过炎症等过程导致严重的神经功能缺损，如脑炎。然而，在某些情况下，自身抗体作为诊断目的的标志物存在，而不会导致病理过程和/或疾病进展。生理性自身抗体的自然存在已经存在很长时间了，它们在维持体内平衡方面的作用已经得到很好的证实。在大脑中，已经检测到针对聚集蛋白的天然存在的自身抗体，它们可能是神经退行性疾病新治疗方法的有前途的候选物。进一步的证据表明，存在针对神经元和少突胶质细胞上抗原的天然存在的抗体，它们可以促进轴突生长和髓鞘再生。本文综述了生理性自身抗体的众多作用及其调节和起源。
