Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Front Neuroendocrinol. 2013 Jan;34(1):3-17. doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2012.06.001. Epub 2012 Jun 19.
Kisspeptin, encoded by the Kiss1 gene, is a neuropeptide required for puberty and adult reproductive function. Understanding the regulation and development of the kisspeptin system provides valuable knowledge about the physiology of puberty and adult fertility, and may provide insights into human pubertal or reproductive disorders. Recent studies, particularly in rodent models, have assessed how kisspeptin neurons develop and how hormonal and non-hormonal factors regulate this developmental process. Exposure to sex steroids (testosterone and estradiol) during critical periods of development can induce organizational (permanent) effects on kisspeptin neuron development, with respect to both sexually dimorphic and non-sexually dimorphic aspects of kisspeptin biology. In addition, sex steroids can also impart activational (temporary) effects on kisspeptin neurons and Kiss1 gene expression at various times during neonatal and peripubertal development, as they do in adulthood. Here, we discuss the current knowledge--and in some cases, lack thereof--of the influence of hormones and other factors on kisspeptin neuronal development.
Kisspeptin，由 Kiss1 基因编码，是一种在青春期和成年生殖功能中必需的神经肽。了解 kisspeptin 系统的调节和发育为青春期和成人生育能力的生理学提供了有价值的知识，并且可能为人类青春期或生殖障碍提供了深入的见解。最近的研究，特别是在啮齿动物模型中，评估了 kisspeptin 神经元如何发育，以及激素和非激素因素如何调节这一发育过程。在发育的关键时期暴露于性激素（睾酮和雌二醇）可以对 kisspeptin 神经元的发育产生组织性（永久性）影响，涉及 kisspeptin 生物学的性二态和非性二态方面。此外，性激素还可以在新生儿期和青春期的各个时期以及成年期对 kisspeptin 神经元和 Kiss1 基因表达产生激活（暂时性）作用。在这里，我们讨论了激素和其他因素对 kisspeptin 神经元发育的影响的现有知识，在某些情况下，还缺乏这些知识。
