Cottencin Olivier, Rolland Benjamin, Guardia Dewi, Karila Laurent
UDSL, EA4559.
Rev Prat. 2012 May;62(5):679-81.
Methamphetamine is an illicit drug used in North America, Asia, and East European countries. Methamphetamine addiction is a serious public health problem in those countries. it is a very powerful psychostimulant drug. It is derived from amphetamine and illegally manufactured from ephedrine. Cause of abuse and dependence it causes significant somatic, psychiatric and cognitive complications. Because of its vasoconstrictor properties, methamphetamine is the cause of cardiovascular diseases but also pulmonary, neurological, dental diseases... Its neurotoxicity is responsible for significant cognitive impairment. It also causes acute psychotic disorders, depressive disorders and suicidal behavior. Treatment of somatic or psychiatric complications should be integrated within a global addiction treatment. To date, no pharmacological therapeutic is specific. However, recent studies with naltrexone, modafinil and bupropion show promising leads. More, dopamine agonist drugs (dextroamphetamine, methylphenidate) are proposed as possible replacement medications. Despite those pharmacological treatments, psychotherapy has to be associated to offer a combined approach with pharmacological treatments.
甲基苯丙胺是一种在北美、亚洲和东欧国家使用的非法药物。甲基苯丙胺成瘾在这些国家是一个严重的公共卫生问题。它是一种非常强效的精神刺激药物。它由苯丙胺衍生而来，通过麻黄碱非法制造。滥用和依赖的原因是它会导致严重的躯体、精神和认知并发症。由于其血管收缩特性，甲基苯丙胺是心血管疾病的病因，同时也是肺部、神经、牙齿疾病的病因……其神经毒性会导致严重的认知障碍。它还会引发急性精神障碍、抑郁障碍和自杀行为。躯体或精神并发症的治疗应纳入全面的成瘾治疗中。迄今为止，尚无特异性的药物治疗方法。然而，最近使用纳曲酮、莫达非尼和安非他酮的研究显示出有希望的线索。此外，多巴胺激动剂药物（右旋苯丙胺、哌甲酯）被提议作为可能的替代药物。尽管有这些药物治疗方法，但心理治疗必须与之结合，以提供一种与药物治疗相结合的方法。
