Psychology Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Psychol Assess. 2013 Mar;25(1):105-16. doi: 10.1037/a0029136. Epub 2012 Jun 25.
Building on previous studies that formulated measures for assessing self-efficacy beliefs regarding the management of anger/irritation and despondency/sadness, we developed 3 new scales to assess perceived self-efficacy in managing fear, shame/embarrassment, and guilt. In Study 1, the internal and construct validity of the 5 aforementioned measures were assessed in a sample of 403 Italian young adults. Study 2 was designed to examine the comparability of the aforementioned measures across Italy and the United States and involved the previous sample and a sample of 380 U.S college students. The best fitting model overall, across the sexes and across countries, had the following characteristics: (a) the 5 types of self-efficacy loaded separately on first-order factors; (b) self-efficacy in managing anger/irritation and despondency/sadness loaded on one second-order factor, and self-efficacy in managing shame/embarrassment, and guilt loaded on another; (c) self-efficacy in managing fear and the 2 second-order factors loaded on a common higher order factor. The various modes of emotional self-efficacy correlated in conceptually coherent ways to measures of emotional stability, irritability, depression, shyness, fearful affect, and need for reparation.
在先前研究制定了评估愤怒/烦躁和沮丧/悲伤管理自我效能感的措施的基础上，我们开发了 3 个新的量表来评估管理恐惧、羞耻/尴尬和内疚的感知自我效能感。在研究 1 中，我们在 403 名意大利年轻成年人样本中评估了上述 5 种测量方法的内部和结构有效性。研究 2 旨在检验上述测量方法在意大利和美国的可比性，涉及之前的样本和 380 名美国大学生的样本。在性别和国家之间，整体上最佳拟合模型具有以下特征：(a) 5 种类型的自我效能感分别加载在一阶因素上；(b) 管理愤怒/烦躁和沮丧/悲伤的自我效能感加载在一个二阶因素上，管理羞耻/尴尬和内疚的自我效能感加载在另一个二阶因素上；(c) 管理恐惧的自我效能感和两个二阶因素加载在一个共同的更高阶因素上。各种情绪自我效能感与情绪稳定性、易怒性、抑郁、害羞、恐惧影响和修复需求的测量以概念上连贯的方式相关。
