School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
Environ Int. 2012 Oct 15;47:23-7. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.06.001. Epub 2012 Jun 23.
Within-house and within-room spatial temporal variability in PBDE contamination of indoor dust may influence substantially the reliability of human exposure assessments based on single point samples, but have hitherto been little studied. This paper reports concentrations of PBDEs 17, 28, 47, 49, 66, 85, 99, 100, 153, and 154 in indoor dust samples (n=112) from two houses in Birmingham, UK. To evaluate within-house spatial variability, four separate rooms were sampled in house 1 and two separate rooms sampled in house 2. Up to four different 1 m² areas in the same room were sampled to evaluate within-room spatial variability, and for all studied areas, samples were taken for eight consecutive months to evaluate temporal and seasonal variability. Concentrations of ΣPBDEs in individual samples from house 1 varied between 21 and 280 ng g⁻¹; while the range of concentrations in house 2 was 20-1000 ng g⁻¹. This indicates that where and when a sample is taken in a house can influence substantially the contamination detected. In one room, concentrations of PBDEs in an area located close to putative PBDE sources exceeded substantially those in an area 2m away, with marked differences also observed between two areas in another room. Substantial within-room spatial differences in PBDE concentrations were not discernible in the other rooms studied. Concentrations of PBDEs in the majority of rooms within the same houses were not markedly different between rooms. Nevertheless, large differences were observed between PBDE concentrations detected in two rooms in the same house in both houses studied. In one instance, this is hypothesised to be attributable to the presence of a carpet in one room and bare wooden floor in another, but firm conclusions cannot be drawn. Within-room temporal (month-to-month) variability was substantial (relative standard deviations for ΣPBDEs=15-200%). In some rooms, the introduction and removal of putative sources like a TV and a bed, appeared to exert a discernible influence on PBDE concentrations. PBDE concentrations in spring and summer were not markedly different from those observed in autumn and winter. Possible dilution of PBDE concentrations in dust at higher dust loadings (g dust per m² floor surface) was investigated in a small number of rooms, but no firm evidence of such dilution was evident.
室内灰尘中多溴二苯醚的室内和室内空间时间变化可能会极大地影响基于单点样本的人体暴露评估的可靠性，但迄今为止研究甚少。本文报道了英国伯明翰两栋房屋内灰尘样本（n=112）中多溴二苯醚 17、28、47、49、66、85、99、100、153 和 154 的浓度。为了评估室内空间变异性，在 1 号房屋中对四个单独的房间进行了采样，在 2 号房屋中对两个单独的房间进行了采样。在同一房间中最多对四个不同的 1m² 区域进行采样，以评估室内空间变异性，并且对所有研究区域，连续八个月采样以评估时间和季节性变异性。1 号房屋中个别样本中 ΣPBDE 的浓度在 21 至 280ng g⁻¹ 之间变化；而 2 号房屋的浓度范围为 20-1000ng g⁻¹。这表明在房屋中何处以及何时采样会极大地影响所检测到的污染。在一个房间中，靠近假定的多溴二苯醚源的一个区域中的多溴二苯醚浓度大大超过了 2m 以外的区域，在另一个房间中的两个区域之间也观察到了明显的差异。在所研究的其他房间中，没有发现室内空间中多溴二苯醚浓度存在显著差异。同一房屋中大多数房间的多溴二苯醚浓度在房间之间没有明显差异。然而，在两所房屋中，同一房屋中两个房间检测到的多溴二苯醚浓度之间存在很大差异。在一种情况下，据推测这归因于一个房间中地毯的存在和另一个房间中裸露的木地板，但无法得出确定的结论。室内时间（逐月）变异性很大（ΣPBDE 的相对标准偏差为 15-200%）。在某些房间中，引入和移除像电视和床这样的假定来源似乎对多溴二苯醚浓度有明显影响。春季和夏季的多溴二苯醚浓度与秋季和冬季观察到的浓度没有明显差异。在少数几个房间中研究了灰尘负载较高时（每平方米地面灰尘量 g）灰尘中多溴二苯醚浓度的可能稀释情况，但没有明显证据表明存在这种稀释。
