Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.
BMB Rep. 2012 Jun;45(6):323-30. doi: 10.5483/bmbrep.2012.45.6.132.
The glycome consists of all glycans (or carbohydrates) within a biological system, and modulates a wide range of important biological activities, from protein folding to cellular communications. The mining of the glycome for disease markers represents a new paradigm for biomarker discovery; however, this effort is severely complicated by the vast complexity and structural diversity of glycans. This review summarizes recent developments in analytical technology and methodology as applied to the fields of glycomics and glycoproteomics. Mass spectrometric strategies for glycan compositional profiling are described, as are potential refinements which allow structure-specific profiling. Analytical methods that can discern protein glycosylation at a specific site of modification are also discussed in detail. Biomarker discovery applications are shown at each level of analysis, highlighting the key role that glycoscience can play in helping scientists understand disease biology.
糖组学由生物体系中的所有聚糖（或碳水化合物）组成，调节着广泛的重要生物学活动，从蛋白质折叠到细胞通讯。糖组学在疾病标志物中的挖掘代表了生物标志物发现的一个新范例；然而，由于聚糖的巨大复杂性和结构多样性，这一努力受到了严重的阻碍。本文综述了最近在糖组学和糖蛋白质组学领域应用的分析技术和方法的进展。描述了聚糖组成分析的质谱策略，以及允许结构特异性分析的潜在改进。还详细讨论了能够在特定修饰部位区分蛋白质糖基化的分析方法。在每个分析水平上都展示了生物标志物发现的应用，突出了糖科学在帮助科学家理解疾病生物学方面可以发挥的关键作用。
