Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2012 Oct 1;39(1):200-5. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.06.015. Epub 2012 Jun 23.
Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have increased rates of neurological soft signs (NSS) when compared to healthy controls. However, previous findings have been confounded by the presence of co-morbidity with disorders themselves associated with increased NSS, such as schizophrenia. Moreover, it remains unclear whether NSS in OCD reflect a vulnerability to this disorder. This study aimed to examine: 1) the severity of NSS in patients with OCD alone, in patients with OCD and co-morbid psychosis (schizophrenia or bipolar disorders), and in healthy controls; and b) whether unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with OCD also demonstrate a higher prevalence rate of NSS than healthy controls. NSS were assessed with the Cambridge Neurological Inventory (CNI) in 100 patients with OCD, 38 patients with OCD and psychosis (22 with bipolar disorders and 16 with schizophrenia), and 101 healthy controls. Forty-seven unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with OCD only were also administered the CNI. Patients with OCD showed significantly higher scores in motor coordination and total NSS than controls, and patients with OCD co-morbid with psychosis also showed significantly higher scores in motor coordination and total NSS than controls. Although there were no differences in NSS between patients with OCD only and OCD and psychosis as a whole, patients with OCD co-morbid with schizophrenia showed significantly higher scores in motor coordination than patients with OCD, patients with OCD and bipolar disorder, and healthy controls. Unaffected first-degree relatives only showed a higher prevalence rate than healthy controls in specific motor coordination signs, such as Opposition and Extinction. These findings suggest that patients with OCD exhibit more NSS than healthy controls, and that motor coordination signs may be even more extensive when OCD is co-morbid with psychosis. Some of these abnormalities may be indicative of a vulnerability to these disorders, as indicated by their presence in un-affected first-degree relatives.
与健康对照组相比，强迫症（OCD）患者的神经软体征（NSS）发生率更高。然而，以前的研究结果受到了与 NSS 增加相关的合并症的影响，例如精神分裂症。此外，OCD 中的 NSS 是否反映了对这种疾病的易感性仍不清楚。本研究旨在检查：1）仅患有 OCD 的患者、患有 OCD 和合并精神病（精神分裂症或双相情感障碍）的患者以及健康对照组中 NSS 的严重程度；b）是否 OCD 患者的未受影响的一级亲属也比健康对照组表现出更高的 NSS 患病率。使用剑桥神经学量表（CNI）评估了 100 名 OCD 患者、38 名 OCD 合并精神病（22 名双相情感障碍和 16 名精神分裂症）患者和 101 名健康对照组的 NSS。还对 OCD 患者的 47 名未受影响的一级亲属进行了 CNI 测试。与对照组相比，OCD 患者在运动协调和总 NSS 方面的得分明显更高，而合并精神病的 OCD 患者在运动协调和总 NSS 方面的得分也明显高于对照组。尽管仅患有 OCD 的患者和整个 OCD 合并精神病的患者之间在 NSS 方面没有差异，但合并精神分裂症的 OCD 患者在运动协调方面的得分明显高于 OCD 患者、患有双相情感障碍的 OCD 患者和健康对照组。未受影响的一级亲属仅在特定的运动协调体征（如对抗和消失）方面显示出比健康对照组更高的患病率。这些发现表明，与健康对照组相比，OCD 患者表现出更多的 NSS，并且当 OCD 合并精神病时，运动协调体征可能更加广泛。这些异常中的一些可能表明对这些疾病的易感性，正如其在未受影响的一级亲属中的存在所表明的那样。
