Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Department of General Paediatrics, Paediatric Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
J Gen Virol. 2012 Oct;93(Pt 10):2063-2075. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.042978-0. Epub 2012 Jun 27.
Pro-inflammatory cytokines are important mediators in immune responses against invading pathogens, including viruses. Precursors of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 are processed by caspase-1. Caspase-1 is activated through autocleavage, but how this is regulated remained elusive for a long time. In 2002, an intracellular multimeric complex was discovered that facilitated caspase-1 cleavage and was termed 'inflammasome'. To date, different inflammasomes have been described, which recognize a variety of ligands and pathogens. In this review, we discuss the role of inflammasomes in sensing viral infection as well as the evasion strategies that viruses developed to circumvent inflammasome-dependent effects.
促炎细胞因子是针对包括病毒在内的入侵病原体的免疫反应的重要介质。促炎细胞因子白细胞介素 (IL)-1β和 IL-18 的前体由半胱天冬酶-1（caspase-1）加工。半胱天冬酶-1 通过自身切割而被激活，但这种调节方式在很长一段时间内都难以捉摸。2002 年，发现了一种促进半胱天冬酶-1 切割的细胞内多聚体复合物，并将其命名为“炎症小体”。迄今为止，已经描述了不同的炎症小体，它们可以识别多种配体和病原体。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了炎症小体在感知病毒感染中的作用，以及病毒为规避炎症小体依赖性作用而开发的逃避策略。
