Department of Sports, University of Nordland, Bodø, Norway.
J Strength Cond Res. 2013 Apr;27(4):885-92. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31826520c3.
The aim of this study was to quantify world-class sprinters' reaction times as a function of performance level, gender, body height, finalists' heat round development, and age. A database of 100-m sprint results and corresponding reaction times from 1,319 sprinters participating in different International Association of Athletics Federations world championships during the time period 2003-9 was compiled for this investigation. Seiko was the official timekeeper of the world championships in this study. Seiko uses a silent gun system for time initiation and false start detection. Their Slit Video system captures the runners at the finish line up to 2,000 images per second with high-resolution cameras. Our results indicate that there was a significant relationship (p < 0.01) between reaction time and 100 m running time, with a shared variance of 8.5 and 10.8% for males (r = 0.292) and females (r = 0.328), respectively. Reaction times (0.166 ± 0.030 seconds) of males were significantly shorter (p < 0.01) than those for females (0.176 ± 0.034 seconds). No relationship was observed between reaction time and height. Male finalist sprinters had substantially shorter reaction times in the finals (0.142 ± 0.017 seconds) compared with round 1 (0.161 ± 0.024 seconds), round 2 (0.155 ± 0.020 seconds), and the semifinals (0.153 ± 0.022 seconds). Female finalist sprinters obtained their fastest reaction times during the semifinals (0.153 ± 0.018 seconds). The best reaction times were registered at the age of 26-29 years for males (0.150 ± 0.017 seconds) and >30 years for females (0.153 ± 0.020 seconds), but reaction times across different age categories were also positively correlated with 100 m performance (p < 0.05). Considering the findings of this study, the results suggest that sprinters' reacting abilities affect their sprint performance over 100 m. This study provides magnitude estimates for the influence of performance level, gender, body height, finalists' heat round, and age on reaction time among world-class sprinters, which we believe to be of great interest for coaches and athletes in sports involving reacting skills.
这项研究的目的是量化世界级短跑运动员的反应时间，考察其与运动水平、性别、身高、决赛选手的预赛轮次发展以及年龄的关系。本研究收集了 2003 年至 2009 年期间，来自国际田径联合会（IAAF）不同世界锦标赛的 1319 名短跑运动员的 100 米短跑成绩和相应的反应时间，创建了一个数据库。在本研究中，精工是世界锦标赛的官方计时员。精工使用无声枪系统启动时间，并检测抢跑。他们的 Slit Video 系统使用高分辨率相机以每秒 2000 幅图像的速度捕捉终点线的运动员。我们的结果表明，反应时间与 100 米跑时间之间存在显著的关系（p<0.01），男性（r=0.292）和女性（r=0.328）的共享方差分别为 8.5%和 10.8%。男性（0.166±0.030 秒）的反应时间显著短于女性（0.176±0.034 秒）（p<0.01）。反应时间与身高之间没有关系。与第一轮（0.161±0.024 秒）、第二轮（0.155±0.020 秒）和半决赛（0.153±0.022 秒）相比，决赛中男性决赛选手的反应时间明显缩短（0.142±0.017 秒）。女性决赛选手在半决赛中获得最快的反应时间（0.153±0.018 秒）。男性最佳反应时间出现在 26-29 岁年龄组（0.150±0.017 秒），女性最佳反应时间出现在>30 岁年龄组（0.153±0.020 秒），但不同年龄组的反应时间与 100 米表现也呈正相关（p<0.05）。考虑到本研究的结果，表明短跑运动员的反应能力影响他们 100 米的短跑成绩。本研究提供了世界级短跑运动员运动水平、性别、身高、决赛选手预赛轮次和年龄对反应时间影响的幅度估计，我们相信这对涉及反应技能的运动项目的教练和运动员具有重要意义。
