Hsieh Yueh-Ling, Yen Shiuk-Wen, Chang Chia-Ming, Li Wei-Chun, Yang Nian-Pu, Chen Han-Yu
Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
Department of Physical Therapy, Hungkuang University, Taichung 40433, Taiwan.
Sports (Basel). 2024 Aug 15;12(8):222. doi: 10.3390/sports12080222.
Most studies on sprint performance have focused on kinematics and kinetics of the musculoskeletal system for adults, with little research on the central sensorimotor transmission and processes, especially for adolescent sprinters. This study aimed to determine whether differences in the integrity of the central auditory system and audiomotor transmissions between the elite and sub-elite adolescent sprinters may affect their performance in the 100 m time. Twenty-nine adolescent junior high school students, including elite national-class and sub-elite regional-class athletes, were assessed. Visual and auditory evoked potentials (VEP and AEP) as well as electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) were recorded and analyzed during a sprint start. The electrophysiological results clearly reveal differences in central auditory transmission between elite and sub-elite groups, and between sexes. There were significant differences between elite and sub-elite groups, and during a sprint start, the EEG activities for elite female and male athletes showed significant time-dependent differences in peak amplitudes following the three auditory cues (ready, set, and gunshot). These findings can provide coaches with a more comprehensive consideration for sports-specific selection based on the athletes' individual conditions, e.g., sensorimotor neuroplastic training for providing precise and efficient training methods to improve young sprinters' performance.
大多数关于短跑成绩的研究都集中在成年人肌肉骨骼系统的运动学和动力学上，而对中枢感觉运动传递和过程的研究较少，尤其是对青少年短跑运动员。本研究旨在确定精英和次精英青少年短跑运动员之间中枢听觉系统完整性和听觉运动传递的差异是否会影响他们的100米成绩。对29名青少年初中生进行了评估，其中包括国家级精英和地区级次精英运动员。在短跑起跑过程中记录并分析了视觉和听觉诱发电位（VEP和AEP）以及脑电图（EEG）和肌电图（EMG）。电生理结果清楚地揭示了精英组和次精英组之间以及不同性别之间中枢听觉传递的差异。精英组和次精英组之间存在显著差异，并且在短跑起跑过程中，精英男女运动员的脑电图活动在三种听觉提示（预备、各就各位和枪响）后的峰值幅度上表现出显著的时间依赖性差异。这些发现可以为教练提供更全面的考虑，以便根据运动员的个体情况进行专项运动选材，例如进行感觉运动神经可塑性训练，以提供精确有效的训练方法来提高年轻短跑运动员的成绩。
