Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
Adv Mater. 2012 Sep 18;24(36):4811-41, 5014. doi: 10.1002/adma.201201690. Epub 2012 Jun 28.
Gold nanorods have received much attention due to their unique optical and electronic properties which are dependent on their shape, size, and aspect ratio. This article covers in detail the synthesis, functionalization, self-assembly, and sensing applications of gold nanorods. The synthesis of three major types of rods is discussed: single-crystalline and pentahedrally-twinned rods, which are synthesized by wet chemistry methods, and polycrystalline rods, which are synthesized by templated deposition. Functionalization of these rods is usually necessary for their applications, but can often be problematic due to their surfactant coating. Thus, general strategies are provided for the covalent and noncovalent functionalization of gold nanorods. The review will then examine the significant progress that has been made in controllable assembly of nanorods into various arrangements. This assembly can have a large effect on measurable properties of rods, making it particularly applicable towards sensing of a variety of analytes. Other types of sensing not dependent on nanorod assembly, such as refractive-index based sensing, are also discussed.
金纳米棒由于其独特的光学和电子特性而受到广泛关注，这些特性取决于其形状、尺寸和纵横比。本文详细介绍了金纳米棒的合成、功能化、自组装和传感应用。讨论了三种主要类型的棒的合成：通过湿化学方法合成的单晶和五重孪晶棒，以及通过模板沉积合成的多晶棒。这些棒的功能化通常是其应用所必需的，但由于其表面活性剂涂层，往往会出现问题。因此，提供了金纳米棒的共价和非共价功能化的一般策略。然后，综述了在将纳米棒可控组装成各种排列方面取得的重大进展。这种组装会对棒的可测量性质产生很大的影响，使其特别适用于各种分析物的传感。还讨论了其他类型的不依赖于纳米棒组装的传感，如基于折射率的传感。
