Department of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Glia. 2013 Jan;61(1):62-70. doi: 10.1002/glia.22372. Epub 2012 Jun 27.
It has become evident recently only that microglia are not only responsible for immunomodulatory functions in the brain but represent vital components of the larger synaptic formation, which also includes pre and postsynaptic neurones as well as astrocytes. Microglia critically contribute to CNS homeostasis by their actions in phagocytosis of cellular debris, release of a variety of cell signaling factors including neurotrophins and extracellular matrix components and direct contact with neurons. The purpose of this review is to summarize our current understanding of the involvement of microglia in cognitive processes and neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and Rett syndrome and to outline their potential signaling mechanisms in this context.
最近人们才清楚地认识到，小胶质细胞不仅在大脑的免疫调节功能中起着重要作用，而且是更大的突触形成的重要组成部分，其中还包括突触前和突触后神经元以及星形胶质细胞。小胶质细胞通过吞噬细胞碎片、释放多种细胞信号因子（包括神经营养因子和细胞外基质成分）以及与神经元直接接触等作用，对中枢神经系统的稳态起着至关重要的作用。本综述的目的是总结我们目前对小胶质细胞在认知过程中的作用的认识，包括精神分裂症、双相情感障碍、抑郁症和雷特综合征等神经精神疾病，并概述它们在这方面的潜在信号机制。
