增加损伤之间的恢复时间可改善小鼠重复轻度脑震荡性脑损伤后的认知结果。
Increasing recovery time between injuries improves cognitive outcome after repetitive mild concussive brain injuries in mice.
机构信息
Sports Concussion Clinic, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Brain Injury Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
出版信息
Neurosurgery. 2012 Oct;71(4):885-91. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0b013e318265a439.
BACKGROUND
Although previous evidence suggests that the cognitive effects of concussions are cumulative, the effect of time interval between repeat concussions is largely unknown.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of time interval between repeat concussions on the cognitive function of mice.
METHODS
We used a weight-drop model of concussion to subject anesthetized mice to 1, 3, 5, or 10 concussions, each a day apart. Additional mice were subjected to 5 concussions at varying time intervals: daily, weekly, and monthly. Morris water maze performance was measured 24 hours, 1 month, and 1 year after final injury.
RESULTS
After 1 concussion, injured and sham-injured mice performed similarly in the Morris water maze. As the number of concussions increased, injured mice performed worse than sham-injured mice. Mice sustaining 5 concussions either 1 day or 1 week apart performed worse than sham-injured mice. When 5 concussions were delivered at 1-month time intervals, no difference in Morris water maze performance was observed between injured and sham-injured mice. After a 1-month recovery period, mice that sustained 5 concussions at daily and weekly time intervals continued to perform worse than sham-injured mice. One year after the final injury, mice sustaining 5 concussions at a daily time interval still performed worse than sham-injured mice.
CONCLUSION
When delivered within a period of vulnerability, the cognitive effects of multiple concussions are cumulative, persistent, and may be permanent. Increasing the time interval between concussions attenuates the effects on cognition. When multiple concussions are sustained by mice daily, the effects on cognition are long term.
背景
尽管先前的证据表明脑震荡的认知影响是累积的，但重复脑震荡之间的时间间隔的影响在很大程度上尚不清楚。
目的
确定重复脑震荡之间的时间间隔对小鼠认知功能的影响。
方法
我们使用重量下降模型对麻醉小鼠进行脑震荡，每天进行 1、3、5 或 10 次脑震荡。另外一些小鼠在不同的时间间隔接受 5 次脑震荡：每天、每周和每月。在末次损伤后 24 小时、1 个月和 1 年，测量 Morris 水迷宫的表现。
结果
在经历 1 次脑震荡后，受伤和假手术损伤的小鼠在 Morris 水迷宫中的表现相似。随着脑震荡次数的增加，受伤的小鼠表现不如假手术损伤的小鼠。每天或每周间隔接受 5 次脑震荡的小鼠表现不如假手术损伤的小鼠。当以 1 个月的时间间隔进行 5 次脑震荡时，受伤和假手术损伤的小鼠在 Morris 水迷宫中的表现没有差异。在 1 个月的恢复期后，每天和每周间隔接受 5 次脑震荡的小鼠继续表现不如假手术损伤的小鼠。在末次损伤后 1 年，每天间隔接受 5 次脑震荡的小鼠仍表现不如假手术损伤的小鼠。
结论
当在易损期内发生时，多次脑震荡的认知影响是累积的、持久的，并且可能是永久性的。增加脑震荡之间的时间间隔可减轻对认知的影响。当小鼠每天持续发生多次脑震荡时，对认知的影响是长期的。
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