Nanobiotechnology Group, National Research Council Canada , 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, H4P 2R2 Canada.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2012 Jul 25;4(7):3643-9. doi: 10.1021/am301060z. Epub 2012 Jul 12.
Three water-dispersible graphene derivatives, graphene oxide (GO), sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO), and sulfonated graphene (SG), were prepared and probed for their plausible cytotoxicity by non-invasive electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS). With Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 insect cells adhered on gold microelectrodes as an active interface, it is feasible to monitor changes in impedance upon exposure to different graphene derivatives. Sf9 insect cells were then exposed to different concentrations of graphene derivatives and their spreading and viability were monitored and quantified by ECIS in real-time. On the basis of the 50% inhibition concentration (ECIS50), none of the graphene derivatives were judged to have any significant cytotoxicity with respect to the chosen cell line as the ECIS50 values were all above 100 μg/mL. However, all graphene derivatives exhibited inhibitory effects on the Sf9 response at the cell spreading level with the following order: SG (ECIS50 = 121 ± 8 μg/mL), SGO (ECIS50 = 151 ± 9 μg/mL), and GO (ECIS50 = 232 ± 27 μg/mL), reflecting differences observed in their ζ-potential and surface area. The presence of phenyl sulfonyl groups in SGO and SG improves their aqueous dispersity which enables these materials to have a greater inhibitory effect on Sf9 insect cells in comparison to GO. Such results were corroborated well with the cell count and viability by the Trypan Blue exclusion assay.
三种水可分散的石墨烯衍生物，氧化石墨烯（GO）、磺化氧化石墨烯（SGO）和磺化石墨烯（SG），被制备出来并通过非侵入式的电细胞-基底阻抗感应（ECIS）来探测其潜在的细胞毒性。利用附着在金微电极上的草地贪夜蛾 Sf9 昆虫细胞作为活性界面，可以监测到暴露于不同石墨烯衍生物时阻抗的变化。然后，将 Sf9 昆虫细胞暴露于不同浓度的石墨烯衍生物中，并通过 ECIS 实时监测和定量它们的铺展和活力。基于 50%抑制浓度（ECIS50），没有一种石墨烯衍生物被认为对所选细胞系具有任何显著的细胞毒性，因为 ECIS50 值均高于 100μg/mL。然而，所有石墨烯衍生物在细胞铺展水平上都对 Sf9 反应表现出抑制作用，其顺序为：SG（ECIS50=121±8μg/mL）、SGO（ECIS50=151±9μg/mL）和 GO（ECIS50=232±27μg/mL），这反映了它们 ζ-电位和表面积的差异。SGO 和 SG 中存在的苯磺酰基基团提高了它们在水中的分散性，使得这些材料对 Sf9 昆虫细胞具有比 GO 更大的抑制作用。这些结果与台盼蓝排斥试验的细胞计数和活力结果非常吻合。
