Ewalds-Kvist Béatrice, Högberg Torbjörn, Lützén Kim
Department of Psychology, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
Nord J Psychiatry. 2013 Jun;67(3):164-70. doi: 10.3109/08039488.2012.694145. Epub 2012 Jul 3.
To evaluate attitudes towards mental illness displayed by student nurses' with previous contact with mentally disordered persons prior to education in psychiatric nursing and to evaluate trends in attitudes towards mental illness exhibited by student nurses and the public in Sweden.
Altogether 246 student nurses enrolled in three universities in Sweden (mean age = 27.9 ± 7.5 years) out of which 210 were females and 36 males, completed prior to their obligatory course in psychiatric nursing a shortened version of 11 internally reliable (Cronbach's alpha 0.84) items from the Swedish version of the Community Attitudes towards Mental Illness questionnarie. The selected items were named the Student Nurse Attitude Index (SNAI) and formed the basis for an evaluation of trends exhibited by student nurses and the attitudes of the general population towards mental illness by means of Jonkheere's trend test. By linear regression analysis, the impact of previous contact with mental illness on student nurses' attitudes towards mental illness prior to education in psychiatric nursing was assessed.
Student nurses did not demonstrate, in contrast to the public in Sweden, a trend of positive attitudes toward persons with mental illness. Even so, it was revealed that student nurses who had experienced some type of contact with mental illness prior to education in psychiatric nursing exhibited a positive attitude, more so than those lacking contact, toward mental illness.
The findings corroborated the "contact hypothesis", implying that direct contact with persons with mental illness will encourage acceptance and enhance a positive attitude towards mental illness in general.
评估在接受精神科护理教育之前曾接触过精神障碍患者的实习护士对精神疾病的态度，并评估瑞典实习护士和公众对精神疾病态度的变化趋势。
瑞典三所大学的246名实习护士（平均年龄 = 27.9 ± 7.5岁，其中210名女性，36名男性）在精神科护理必修课之前，完成了瑞典版《社区对精神疾病态度问卷》中11个内部信度良好（克朗巴哈系数α为0.84）条目的简化版。所选条目被命名为实习护士态度指数（SNAI），并以此为基础，通过琼克尔趋势检验评估实习护士所表现出的变化趋势以及普通人群对精神疾病的态度。通过线性回归分析，评估在接受精神科护理教育之前，既往接触精神疾病对实习护士对精神疾病态度的影响。
与瑞典公众不同，实习护士并未表现出对精神疾病患者持积极态度的趋势。即便如此，研究发现，在接受精神科护理教育之前曾接触过某种类型精神疾病的实习护士，比未接触过的实习护士对精神疾病表现出更积极的态度。
研究结果证实了“接触假说”，即与精神疾病患者的直接接触会促使人们普遍接受并增强对精神疾病的积极态度。
