Hoek G, Brunekreef B, Hofschreuder P, Lumens M
Department of Environmental Health, University of Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Toxicol Ind Health. 1990 Oct;6(5):189-97.
In January 1985, a decline of primary school children's pulmonary function was observed during an air pollution episode. Ambient 24 hour average levels of SO2, TSP and RSP were in the range of 200-250 micrograms/m3. The response persisted for at least two weeks. In January 1987, again a decline of school children's pulmonary function was observed associated with an air pollution episode. Levels of TSP were about as elevated as in the 1985 episode. Two weeks after the episode, lung function levels were even lower than during the episode. In June 1987 a long term study was started to investigate potential effects of winter and summer air pollution episodes on pulmonary function and occurrence of acute respiratory symptoms of primary school children. An important issue for this study is the characterization of short term variation of lung function in absence of air pollution. Exposure is characterized by ambient levels of several gases (SO2, NO2, O3, HNO3), PM10, TSP and components of particulate matter (SO4(2-), NO3-, H-, NH4+). Sampling is being conducted on a daily basis to obtain a continuous exposure estimate. In the winter of 1987/1988, no air pollution episodes were observed. The study will continue through the winters of 1988/1989, and 1989/1990.
1985年1月，在一次空气污染事件期间，观察到小学生的肺功能下降。二氧化硫、总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）和可吸入悬浮颗粒物（RSP）的24小时环境平均水平在200 - 250微克/立方米范围内。这种反应持续了至少两周。1987年1月，再次观察到与一次空气污染事件相关的学童肺功能下降。总悬浮颗粒物的水平与1985年事件中的升高程度大致相同。事件发生两周后，肺功能水平甚至比事件期间更低。1987年6月开始了一项长期研究，以调查冬季和夏季空气污染事件对小学生肺功能和急性呼吸道症状发生情况的潜在影响。这项研究的一个重要问题是在没有空气污染的情况下肺功能短期变化的特征描述。暴露情况以几种气体（二氧化硫、二氧化氮、臭氧、硝酸）、PM10、总悬浮颗粒物和颗粒物成分（硫酸根离子、硝酸根离子、氢离子、铵离子）的环境水平来表征。每天进行采样以获得连续的暴露估计值。在1987/1988年冬季，未观察到空气污染事件。该研究将持续到1988/1989年和1989/1990年的冬季。
