Kim Dasom, Chen Zi, Zhou Lin-Fu, Huang Shou-Xiong
Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45249, USA.
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
Chronic Dis Transl Med. 2018 Jun 7;4(2):75-94. doi: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2018.03.003. eCollection 2018 Jun.
Air pollution is a global health threat and causes millions of human deaths annually. The late onset of respiratory diseases in children and adults due to prenatal or perinatal exposure to air pollutants is emerging as a critical concern in human health. Pregnancy and fetal development stages are highly susceptible to environmental exposure and tend to develop a long-term impact in later life. In this review, we briefly glance at the direct impact of outdoor and indoor air pollutants on lung diseases and pregnancy disorders. We further focus on lung complications in later life with early exposure to air pollutants. Epidemiological evidence is provided to show the association of prenatal or perinatal exposure to air pollutants with various adverse birth outcomes, such as preterm birth, lower birth weight, and lung developmental defects, which further associate with respiratory diseases and reduced lung function in children and adults. Mechanistic evidence is also discussed to support that air pollutants impact various cellular and molecular targets at early life, which link to the pathogenesis and altered immune responses related to abnormal respiratory functions and lung diseases in later life.
空气污染是全球健康威胁，每年导致数百万人死亡。儿童和成人因产前或围产期接触空气污染物而出现的呼吸系统疾病发病较晚，正成为人类健康领域的一个关键问题。怀孕和胎儿发育阶段极易受到环境暴露的影响，并往往在以后的生活中产生长期影响。在这篇综述中，我们简要介绍了室外和室内空气污染物对肺部疾病和妊娠疾病的直接影响。我们进一步关注早期接触空气污染物对后期生活中肺部并发症的影响。提供了流行病学证据，以表明产前或围产期接触空气污染物与各种不良出生结局之间的关联，如早产、低出生体重和肺部发育缺陷，这些又进一步与儿童和成人的呼吸系统疾病及肺功能下降相关。还讨论了机制证据，以支持空气污染物在生命早期会影响各种细胞和分子靶点，这与后期生活中与异常呼吸功能和肺部疾病相关的发病机制及免疫反应改变有关。
