Chess S
New York University Medical Center, New York.
Yale J Biol Med. 1990 Jul-Aug;63(4):313-24.
Today the prevailing view in child psychiatry is the biopsychosocial model of child development, but this was not always the case. Prior to World War II, and even in the post-war period, the environment was considered the major determinant of the child's development; the role of the child's constitutional characteristics was overlooked. The theory of temperament, formulated by the author and her colleagues, holds that these constitutional characteristics are important in the child's development and interact with the environment. We tested the theory of temperament through a major longitudinal study, which required innovative approaches to data collection and analysis. Data obtained from the 133 children and accumulated over the past 35 years have been described in earlier publications. This paper traces the evolution of our methodology from the original concept to qualitative data collection and quantitative measurement. The methodological and theoretical dilemmas encountered in our research and some of the implications of our findings are also discussed.
如今，儿童精神病学的主流观点是儿童发展的生物心理社会模型，但情况并非一直如此。在第二次世界大战之前，甚至在战后时期，环境都被视为儿童发展的主要决定因素；儿童体质特征的作用被忽视了。作者及其同事提出的气质理论认为，这些体质特征在儿童发展中很重要，并与环境相互作用。我们通过一项大型纵向研究对气质理论进行了检验，该研究需要创新的数据收集和分析方法。从133名儿童那里获得并在过去35年里积累的数据已在早期出版物中有所描述。本文追溯了我们的方法论从最初概念到定性数据收集和定量测量的演变过程。我们还讨论了研究中遇到的方法和理论困境以及我们研究结果的一些影响。
