Garrelts J C
St. Francis Regional Medical Center, Wichita, KS 67214.
DICP. 1990 Nov;24(11):1105-12. doi: 10.1177/106002809002401116.
Fluosol (20% intravascular perfluorochemical emulsion) is an oxygen-carrying emulsion used to deliver oxygen to ischemic myocardium during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Fluosol is composed of two perfluorochemicals, perfluorodecalin and perfluorotripropylamine. It has a high capacity for oxygen solubility, a low viscosity, and a small particle size. Following administration, the perfluorochemicals in fluosol are not metabolized. Rather, most are expired as gaseous particles through the lungs; the remainder are taken up by the organs of the reticuloendothelial system and later expired. When administered during balloon inflation in PTCA, fluosol preserves ventricular wall motion and global left ventricular ejection fraction. In addition, it minimizes ST segment changes and preserves cardiac output. Fluosol may be especially useful in patients who have poor contractile reserve, multivessel disease, or serious underlying illness. Other uses under investigation include limitation of myocardial infarct size and chemosensitization or radiosensitization of malignant tumors. Adverse effects secondary to the use of fluosol include ventricular arrhythmias, pruritus, bradycardia, chest pain, dyspnea, and increased respiratory rate. Fluosol must be thawed, admixed, warmed to body temperature, and oxygenated prior to intracoronary administration. The usual administration rate is 60 mL/min during each balloon inflation.
氟碳乳剂（20%血管内全氟化合物乳剂）是一种携氧乳剂，用于在经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（PTCA）期间向缺血心肌输送氧气。氟碳乳剂由两种全氟化合物组成，即全氟萘烷和全氟三丙胺。它具有高氧溶解度、低粘度和小粒径。给药后，氟碳乳剂中的全氟化合物不会被代谢。相反，大多数以气态颗粒形式通过肺部排出体外；其余的则被网状内皮系统的器官摄取，随后排出。在PTCA球囊扩张期间给药时，氟碳乳剂可保持心室壁运动和整体左心室射血分数。此外，它可使ST段变化最小化并维持心输出量。氟碳乳剂对于收缩储备功能差、多支血管病变或有严重基础疾病的患者可能特别有用。正在研究的其他用途包括限制心肌梗死面积以及对恶性肿瘤进行化学增敏或放射增敏。使用氟碳乳剂的不良反应包括室性心律失常、瘙痒、心动过缓、胸痛、呼吸困难和呼吸频率增加。氟碳乳剂在冠状动脉内给药前必须解冻、混合、加热至体温并进行充氧。每次球囊扩张期间的通常给药速度为60毫升/分钟。
