Chen Yu, Liang Chia-Pin, Liu Yang, Fischer Andrew H, Parwani Anil V, Pantanowitz Liron
Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
J Pathol Inform. 2012;3:22. doi: 10.4103/2153-3539.96751. Epub 2012 May 28.
Pathology informatics encompasses digital imaging and related applications. Several specialized microscopy techniques have emerged which permit the acquisition of digital images ("optical biopsies") at high resolution. Coupled with fiber-optic and micro-optic components, some of these imaging techniques (e.g., optical coherence tomography) are now integrated with a wide range of imaging devices such as endoscopes, laparoscopes, catheters, and needles that enable imaging inside the body. These advanced imaging modalities have exciting diagnostic potential and introduce new opportunities in pathology. Therefore, it is important that pathology informaticists understand these advanced imaging techniques and the impact they have on pathology. This paper reviews several recently developed microscopic techniques, including diffraction-limited methods (e.g., confocal microscopy, 2-photon microscopy, 4Pi microscopy, and spatially modulated illumination microscopy) and subdiffraction techniques (e.g., photoactivated localization microscopy, stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, and stimulated emission depletion microscopy). This article serves as a primer for pathology informaticists, highlighting the fundamentals and applications of advanced optical imaging techniques.
病理学信息学涵盖数字成像及相关应用。已经出现了几种专门的显微镜技术，可用于获取高分辨率的数字图像（“光学活检”）。结合光纤和微光学组件，其中一些成像技术（如光学相干断层扫描）现在已与多种成像设备集成，如内窥镜、腹腔镜、导管和针，能够实现体内成像。这些先进的成像方式具有令人兴奋的诊断潜力，并为病理学带来了新机遇。因此，病理学信息学家了解这些先进的成像技术及其对病理学的影响非常重要。本文综述了几种最近开发的显微技术，包括衍射极限方法（如共聚焦显微镜、双光子显微镜、4Pi显微镜和空间调制照明显微镜）和亚衍射技术（如光激活定位显微镜、随机光学重建显微镜和受激辐射损耗显微镜）。本文为病理学信息学家提供了入门知识，重点介绍了先进光学成像技术的基本原理和应用。
